Table 2.
Clinical Data in Participants with Bipolar Disorder I (BD-I), Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (BD-NOS), and Healthy Controls (HC)
| BD-I Participants (n=28) | BD-NOS Participants (n=14) | HC (n=52) | Statistic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptom Measuresa | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Young Mania Rating Scale | 4.18 | 3.41 | 3.43 | 2.03 | -- | -- | t=0.76, df=40, p=0.454 |
| Hamilton Depression Rating Scale | 4.32 | 3.93 | 4.50 | 5.93 | -- | -- | t =-0.12, df=40, p=0.908 |
| Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale | 6.50 | 4.85 | 5.43 | 6.10 | -- | -- | t=0.62, df=40, p=0.539 |
| Global Assessment of Functioningb | 66.36 | 13.13 | 70.11 | 12.30 | 90.02c | 5.42 | F=64.04, df=2, 89 p=0.000 |
| Current Comorbid SCID diagnoses | |||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder | 17 | 60.7 | 7 | 50.0 | -- | ||
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 4 | 14.3 | 2 | 14.3 | -- | ||
| Panic Disorder | 4 | 14.3 | 3 | 21.4 | -- | ||
| Social Phobia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | ||
| PTSD | 1 | 3.6 | 0 | 0 | -- | ||
| Substance Abuse History | 6 | 21.4 | 2 | 14.3 | |||
| Mood State | |||||||
| Euthymicc | 22 | 78.6 | 12 | 85.7 | -- | ||
| Depressedd | 5 | 17.9 | 2 | 14.3 | -- | ||
| Hypomanice | 1 | 3.6 | -- | -- | -- | ||
| Medications at MRI | |||||||
| No medications | 14 | 50.0 | 9 | 64.3 | |||
| Mood Stabilizer | 1 | 3.6 | 0f | 0 | -- | ||
| Antiepileptic | 6 | 21.4 | 2f | 14.3 | |||
| Antipsychotic | 1 | 3.6 | 0f | 0 | |||
| Atypical antipsychotic | 1 | 3.6 | 1f | 7.1 | -- | ||
| SSRI | 2 | 7.1 | 2f | 14.3 | |||
| Other Antidepressant | 2 | 7.1 | 1f | 7.1 | |||
| Stimulant medications | 9 | 32.1 | 1f | 7.1 | -- | ||
| Sedative | 0 | 0 | 0f | 0 | |||
a
In majority of cases, symptom assessment occurred on the day of the MRI. When that score was not available, we replaced it with one from within one month for patients (1/42 total), and for the HC GAF, with their baseline visit GAF score (7/52 total).
b
Based on the post-hoc Games-Howell test, there were significant mean differences between BD-I and HC (p < 0.000, d=2.4), and BD-NOS and HC (p < 0.000, d=2.1).
c
Defined as YMRS ≤ 12 and HAM-D ≤7.
d
Defined as YMRS ≤12 and HAM-D ≥8.
e
Defined as YMRS 13–26 and HAM-D ≤7.
f
1 report missing within the group.