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Inhibition of AMPK abolished the effects of Saxagliptin in promoting osteogenic differentiation. Cells were stimulated with osteogenic differentiation induction medium (ODIM) in the presence or absence of Saxagliptin (2 µM) or the AMPK inhibitor compound C (5 μM). (a). mRNA of RUNX-2; (b). ALP activity; (c). Mineral nodule formation (***, P < 0.005 vs. vehicle group; ##, P < 0.01 vs. ODIM group; &&, P < 0.01 vs. ODIM+ Saxagliptin group, n = 5).
