Table 2.

OLS regression of psychological distress on financial worries, 2018 National Health Interview Survey (n = 22,682)

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	β (SE)	β (SE)	β (SE)
Financial worries	0.315***	0.291***	0.257***
	(0.008)	(0.007)	(0.007)
Age		− 0.013***	− 0.037***
		(0.002)	(0.002)
Female (ref: male)		0.296***	0.367***
		(0.059)	(0.056)
Race (ref: White)
Black		− 0.701***	− 0.811***
		(0.101)	(0.096)
Asian/American Indian/Alaskan native		− 0.557***	− 0.594***
		(0.106)	(0.102)
Other races		0.744***	0.521*
		(0.224)	(0.207)
Married or cohabiting (ref: separated, divorced, widowed, or never married)		− 0.472***	− 0.464***
		(0.066)	(0.063)
Number of children under 18		− 0.189***	− 0.141***
		(0.034)	(0.033)
Region of residence (ref: Northeast)
North central/ Midwest		0.161	0.096
		(0.101)	(0.092)
South		− 0.073	− 0.117
		(0.095)	(0.087)
West		0.043	0.077
		(0.113)	(0.106)
Education (ref: + college graduate)
Less than high school		0.020	− 0.365**
		(0.134)	(0.130)
High school graduate		− 0.089	− 0.292***
		(0.076)	(0.074)
1–3 years of college		− 0.083	− 0.276***
		(0.061)	(0.059)
Employment status (ref: Unemployed)
Employed		− 1.852***	− 1.261***
		(0.100)	(0.093)
Retired		− 1.283***	− 0.849***
		(0.121)	(0.116)
Household income (ref: $100,000 and over)
$0–34,999		0.467***	0.242**
		(0.097)	(0.092)
$35,000–74,999		0.089	− 0.060
		(0.077)	(0.074)
$75,000–99,999		− 0.084	− 0.149†
		(0.080)	(0.077)
Homeowners (ref: renters or others)		− 0.187**	− 0.122†
		(0.070)	(0.067)
Self-reported health			− 0.866***
			(0.034)
Number of chronic conditions			0.332***
			(0.037)
Had health insurance coverage			0.432***
			(0.115)
Constant	− 0.795***	1.782***	5.665***
	(0.081)	(0.184)	(0.259)
R-squared	0.155	0.208	0.263
Change of R-squared		+ 0.053	+ 0.055
F-test (p-value)	1690.89 (0.000)	119.83 (0.000)	148.69 (0.000)

Sampling weights were applied to derive nationally representative estimates accounting for the complex sample design

SE = standard errors

*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001, † p < .1