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Changes to podocytes in the aged human and rodent kidney. (A) Schema of the microcosm of cell types comprising a young glomerulus. (B) Glomerular size (hypertrophy) is increased in the aged kidney (ruler shown below). Podocytes detach, hypertrophy, efface, apoptose, and undergo pyroptosis. Parietal epithelial cells (PECs) become activated and decrease in number due to loss, mesangial cells are expanded, and glomerular endothelial cells become injured. Created with BioRender.com.
