FIGURE 3.
Overview of the characteristics of differential metabolites. (a) Molecules related to lipid metabolism and organic acids and their derivatives. The number of unidentifiable metabolites in the negative ion mode is higher than that in the positive ion mode. Different colours represent different metabolite classifications; (b) Heatmaps showing the differential metabolites between the zirconium oxide nanoparticle (ZrO2 NP) and control groups at 24 h in the positive and negative ion modes; (c) Heatmaps of differential metabolites between the ZrO2 NP and control groups at 48 h in the positive and negative ion modes. Each line represents a differential metabolite; each box denotes a cell sample; and different colours signify different abundance