Table 4.
Models of number of bets (intensity of gambling). Estimates are based on Cragg Hurdle regression. Average marginal effects are presented
| Variables | Number of Non-Sports Bets |
Number of Sports Bets |
|---|---|---|
| Female | − 9.155*** | − 18.363*** |
| (0.944) | (0.885) | |
| Age | 0.517*** | − 0.441*** |
| (0.061) | (0.057) | |
| Regional | 2.540** | − 1.679* |
| (1.091) | (0.973) | |
| Marital Status | ||
| Defacto (live together) | − 0.912 | 1.242 |
| (2.040) | (1.739) | |
| Defacto (live apart) | 1.004 | 2.424 |
| (3.437) | (2.804) | |
| Married/Civil Union | − 4.714*** | − 4.115*** |
| (1.718) | (1.544) | |
| Separated/Divorced | 0.277 | − 1.212 |
| (2.684) | (2.653) | |
| Widowed | − 2.361 | − 4.260 |
| (3.629) | (4.253) | |
| Parent | − 4.162*** | − 0.759 |
| (1.105) | (1.079) | |
| Highest Education | ||
| Completed High School | − 3.421 | − 1.187 |
| (2.296) | (2.294) | |
| TAFE or Trade Certificate | − 6.660*** | − 6.765*** |
| (2.047) | (2.067) | |
| University | − 15.648*** | − 9.827*** |
| (1.863) | (1.974) | |
| Employment (base—Self Employed) | ||
| Employed (wage/salary) | 2.708** | − 1.891 |
| (1.337) | (1.456) | |
| Unemployed | 4.074 | − 0.368 |
| (3.746) | (3.501) | |
| Home Duties | − 2.920 | − 5.631 |
| (3.262) | (4.111) | |
| Student | − 6.251* | − 8.647*** |
| (3.313) | (2.391) | |
| Retired | 1.131 | − 4.668** |
| (1.784) | (2.150) | |
| Unable to Work | 2.293 | − 5.594 |
| (5.354) | (4.007) | |
| Income (base—less than $10,000) | ||
| $10 k–less than $20 k | 5.003 | 2.290 |
| (5.623) | (4.238) | |
| $20 k–less than $30 k | 2.489 | 6.465 |
| (4.730) | (4.258) | |
| $30 k–less than $40 k | 1.013 | 1.652 |
| (4.518) | (3.650) | |
| $40 k–less than $50 k | 6.935 | 9.005** |
| (4.721) | (4.173) | |
| $50 k–less than $60 k | 4.656 | 10.202*** |
| (4.509) | (3.947) | |
| $60 k–less than $80 k | 7.698* | 7.985** |
| (4.379) | (3.394) | |
| $80 k–less than $100 k | 7.999* | 4.274 |
| (4.379) | (3.256) | |
| $100 k–less than $125 k | 7.566* | 8.008** |
| (4.398) | (3.385) | |
| $125 k – less than $150 k | 4.729 | 4.461 |
| (4.376) | (3.318) | |
| $150 k–less than $200 k | 6.564 | 8.874*** |
| (4.371) | (3.398) | |
| $200 k or more | 9.412** | 7.710** |
| (4.451) | (3.360) | |
| Prefer not to say | 3.942 | 3.103 |
| (4.194) | (3.170) | |
| Country of Birth (base—Australia) | ||
| UK or New Zealand | 0.446 | 2.330 |
| (2.328) | (2.456) | |
| Other | − 4.848 | − 5.933 |
| (4.937) | (3.699) | |
| Parents’ Country of Birth (base—both Australia) | ||
| One in Australia | 1.082 | − 0.863 |
| (1.430) | (1.222) | |
| Both Overseas | − 4.281*** | − 4.092*** |
| (1.275) | (1.194) | |
| ATSI | 4.063 | 10.913 |
| (6.455) | (7.195) | |
| Disability or Health Issue | 1.326 | 1.795 |
| (> 6 months) | (1.591) | (1.768) |
| Observations | 14,297 | 14,950 |
Standard errors in parentheses. Level of statistical significance denoted by * (10%), ** (5%) and *** (1%)