Table 7.

Selected results of perceptions of other’s attitudes and behaviours with respect to sports betting with focus on type of gambling behaviour included as explanatory variables

Variables	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
Type of gambling (base category is no betting)
Non-sports betting	− 0.032*	− 0.056***	0.177***	0.074***	0.155***	0.111***	0.053***
	(0.019)	(0.019)	(0.019)	(0.019)	(0.018)	(0.017)	(0.018)
Sports betting	− 0.022	0.158***	0.561***	0.650***	0.497***	0.720***	0.490***
	(0.025)	(0.025)	(0.025)	(0.025)	(0.024)	(0.022)	(0.023)
Sports and non-sports betting	− 0.003	0.085***	0.615***	0.654***	0.506***	0.686***	0.483***
	(0.025)	(0.025)	(0.025)	(0.025)	(0.024)	(0.022)	(0.023)
Female	0.117***	0.030*	0.103***	0.186***	− 0.172***	− 0.385***	− 0.418***
	(0.019)	(0.018)	(0.018)	(0.018)	(0.018)	(0.016)	(0.017)
Age	− 0.009***	− 0.013***	− 0.005***	− 0.004***	− 0.014***	− 0.017***	− 0.016***
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
Regional	− 0.009	− 0.018	0.008	− 0.010	0.030*	0.003	− 0.062***
	(0.019)	(0.018)	(0.018)	(0.018)	(0.018)	(0.017)	(0.017)
Highest education (base category—less than high school)
Completed high school	− 0.065**	− 0.110***	− 0.085***	− 0.114***	− 0.062**	− 0.095***	− 0.083***
	(0.031)	(0.030)	(0.030)	(0.030)	(0.030)	(0.028)	(0.029)
TAFE or trade certificate	− 0.071**	− 0.093***	− 0.141***	− 0.125***	− 0.134***	− 0.112***	− 0.115***
	(0.029)	(0.028)	(0.028)	(0.028)	(0.027)	(0.025)	(0.027)
University	− 0.154***	− 0.219***	− 0.220***	− 0.194***	− 0.205***	− 0.218***	− 0.134***
	(0.026)	(0.026)	(0.026)	(0.025)	(0.025)	(0.023)	(0.024)
Observations	14,813	14,813	14,813	14,813	14,813	14,813	14,813
R-squared	0.043	0.075	0.089	0.110	0.143	0.262	0.194
LR test of age gender interaction (p-value)	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.965	0.000	0.000

Dependant variable modelled in each column is response to the respectively labelled statement below. Responses to each question are standardised to have a mean of zero and standard deviation of one. Age is included as a third order polynomial with average marginal effects presented. P value of likelihood ratio (LR) test of interaction between age and gender presented in last row with interaction included if p value < 0.05. Standard errors in parentheses. Level of statistical significance denoted by *(10%), **(5%) and ***(1%). All models also include controls for marital status, being a parent, employment status, income bands, country of birth, parent’s country of birth, ATSI and health condition or disability over past 6 months—full results available in Supplementary Materials

(1): Most people in society think betting on sport is harmless

(2): Most people in society bet on sport

(3): Most people in my family think betting on sport is harmless

(4): Most people in my family bet on sport

(5): Most people in my friendship group think betting on sport is harmless

(6): Most people in my friendship group bet on sport

(7): Odds talk is common in discussions about sport with my friends and peers