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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2021 Dec 2;292:114627. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114627

Adjusted prediction of weekly hours of help received from a child, by distance using a dummy variable for each proximity category (Sample: Dyads of parents aged 55+ with a disability and their children aged 25+; N=1,767)

Unadjusted estimates
Adjusted estimates (using two-part model)
Mean
First part (logit)
Second part (Gamma with log link)
Combined
N Weighted values 95% CI ARR p-value 95% CI Coef. p-value 95% CI Predicted values 95% CI

Coresident 292 8.59 [5.71 11.47] 1.29 0.16 [0.90 1.83] 1.73 <0.001 [1.21 2.25] 5.34 [2.87 7.8]
Same block 111 6.73 [2.96 10.60] 1.07 0.75 [0.71 1.62] 1.67 <0.001 [1.04 2.29] 4.16 [1.63 6.70]
<=2 miles, not same block 202 2.10 [1.23 2.97] 1.31 0.14 [0.92 1.87] 0.22 0.38 [−0.27 0.72] 1.20 [0.70 1.70]
2–5 miles 199 2.84 [1.34 4.34] 1.00 0.99 [0.69 1.46] 0.75 0.01 [0.16 1.34] 1.56 [0.65 2.46]
5–10 miles 176 0.97 [0.43 1.50] (ref) (ref) (ref) (ref) (ref) (ref) 0.73 [0.32 1.15]
10–30 miles 226 0.62 [0.29 0.95] 0.63 0.02 [0.42 0.94] −0.07 0.82 [−0.7 0.56] 0.43 [0.18 0.68]
30–100 miles 155 1.43 [0.19 2.66] 0.48 0.003 [0.30 0.78] 0.76 0.07 [−0.06 1.57] 0.75 [0.10 1.41]
>100 miles 406 0.80 [0.32 1.28] 0.41 <0.001 [0.27 0.63] 0.61 0.04 [0.04 1.18] 0.56 [0.22 0.90]

Note: Dummy variables for categories of proximity were used (reference category was 5–10 miles). Adjustment variables include parent’s age, gender, race/ethnicity, spousal status, number of children, and wealth (adjusted by household size), and child’s, age, gender, education, working status, and the status of having a minor child. Predicated values for the adjusted model were evaluated by holding all covariates at their mean values of the corresponding analysis sample (N=1,767).