Figure 3.

Inhibition of PI3K or mTOR reversed the suppressed autophagy and apoptosis mediated by ligustrazine in RGCs induced by retinal I/R injury. (a) After treatment with ligustrazine alone or ligustrazine with Ly294002 or rapamycin, the autophagy of RGCs after retinal I/R injury was identified by TEM. Yellow arrows indicate the number of autophagosomes. (b) The number of autophagosomes was counted, n = 3; **p< 0.01 vs. normal group; ^##p< 0.01 vs. model group. $p< 0.05 vs. ligustrazine group. (c) Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining in the treated retinal I/R model. Magnification, 100 ×; Scale bar = 100 μm. (d) Apoptosis rate of the treated retinal I/R model RGCs was determined. **p< 0.01 vs. normal group; ^##p< 0.01 vs. model group. ^$$p< 0.01 vs. ligustrazine group