Table 5.
Total effects of variables on mobility indicators (N = 3,140).
| Predictors | Outcome variables |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Going out of home |
Non-work trips |
Person-miles traveled |
Going out of home |
Non-work trips |
Person-miles traveled |
|
| Unstandardized Coefficient | Standardized Coefficient | |||||
| COVID infection rate | −0.005*** | −0.001*** | −0.010*** | −0.236*** | −0.045*** | −0.238 |
| Human mobility | 0.904*** | 0.119*** | 1.901*** | 0.607*** | 0.115*** | 0.614 |
| Socio-demographic Characteristics | ||||||
| Age 18–24 years | −0.265*** | −0.035*** | −0.557*** | −0.185*** | −0.035*** | −0.188 |
| Age 25–44 years | −0.528*** | −0.070*** | −1.110*** | −0.352*** | −0.067*** | −0.356 |
| Age 45–64 years | −0.095*** | −0.013*** | −0.201*** | −0.055*** | −0.011*** | −0.056 |
| Age 65 years and older | −0.164*** | −0.022*** | −0.344*** | −0.154*** | −0.029*** | −0.156 |
| African-Americans | 0.017*** | 0.002*** | 0.035*** | 0.049*** | 0.009*** | 0.050 |
| Male | 0.423*** | 0.056*** | 0.889*** | 0.204*** | 0.039*** | 0.206 |
| People in labor force | 0.070*** | 0.009*** | 0.147*** | 0.087*** | 0.016*** | 0.088 |
| HH with internet access | −0.080*** | −0.011*** | −0.168*** | −0.142*** | −0.027*** | −0.144 |
| Location Characteristics | ||||||
| Number of points of interest | −0.0001*** | −1.48e5*** | −0.0002*** | −0.096*** | −0.018*** | −0.097 |
| Presence of airport | −0.013*** | −0.002*** | −0.028*** | −0.095*** | −0.018*** | −0.096 |
| Metropolitan status | −0.008*** | −0.001*** | −0.018*** | −0.082*** | −0.016*** | −0.083 |
| COVID-19 status | ||||||
| a Susceptible Infected | −1.290e-6 | −1.700e-7 | −2.71e6*** | −0.035 | −0.007 | −0.036 |
| b Spatial effect | −0.0002*** | −3.19e5*** | −0.001*** | −0.074*** | −0.014*** | −0.075 |
| COVID-19 policies | ||||||
| Emergency declaration | −0.070*** | −0.009*** | −0.147*** | −0.043*** | −0.008*** | −0.043 |
| Gathering restriction | −0.001 | −0.0002 | −0.003 | −0.004 | −0.001 | −0.004 |
| Stay at home order | −0.054*** | −0.007*** | −0.113*** | −0.180*** | −0.034*** | −0.182 |
| Non-essential business closure | −0.030** | −0.004** | −0.063** | −0.031** | −0.006** | −0.031 |
| Public mask mandate | 0.002* | 0.0003* | 0.005* | 0.009* | 0.002* | 0.008 |
| Quarantine mandate | −0.001 | −9.140e-5 | −0.001 | −0.003 | −0.001 | −0.003 |
Notes: *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance at 10%, 5%, and 1% respectively.
All the COVID-19 policy variables represent the number of days from the first enactment of policies until May 1, 2020.
a
Susceptible Infected (SI) = number of susceptible people (people who have not been infected with the virus yet) × number of currently infected people in that population (current active cases).
b
Spatial effect = number of average COVID-19 daily new cases per 100 K population in neighboring counties × average number of daily external trips by infectious persons from out of state or county (Imported cases).