Table 1.
Biomolecules in cartilage integration.
| No. | Recruited biomolecule | Result | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | FGF-2 | Increased GAG and type II collagen biosynthesis. Proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes | [77, 114–117] |
| 2 | IGF-1 | Stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis, chondrocyte proliferation, and cell homing. Improved histologic appearance in rabbit full-thickness cartilage defect | [75, 79, 118–123] |
| 3 | FGF-18 | Increased hyaline-cartilage production | [124, 125] |
| 4 | Kartogenin | Intact cartilage regeneration | [126] |
| 5 | TGF-β1 | Improved chondrogenic regeneration and cartilage integrity in a rabbit model | [127] |
| 6 | TGF-β1/IGF-1 | Chondrogenic differentiation, GAG deposition, and neocartilage integration to host tissue | [80] |
| 7 | TGF-β3 | Extracellular matrix formation by fibrochondrocytes of meniscus. Endogenous stem cell recruitment and in situ cartilage regeneration | [81, 128] |
| 8 | TGF-β3/kartogenin | Promotion of chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration by synergistic effect and improved integrity in rabbit models | [129] |
| 9 | PRP | Enhanced chondrocyte proliferation and redifferentiation. Increase matrix accumulation | [78, 130, 131] |
| 10 | BMHP | Stem cell recruitment to the defect site and neocartilage similarity to native tissue | [82] |
| 11 | KLPP self-assembling peptide | Recruitment of endogenous chondrocytes and promotion of tissue integration | [83] |
BMHP: bone marrow homing peptide.