Table 4.
Association between pocket money and current e-cigarette use among students aged 11–17 years in the WHO European Region study sites with the latest available GYTS data
| Countries or sites | Less than medium amount |
At least medium amount |
Adj. PRa | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unweighted n | Weighted % (95% CI) | Unweighted n | Weighted % (95% CI) | (95% CI) | ||
| Albania | 102 | 4.8 | 212 | 8.5 | 1.4 | 0.025 |
| (3.4–6.1) | (6.9–10.0) | (1.0–2.0) | ||||
| Bulgaria | 250 | 9.3 | 178 | 14.4 | 1.5 | 0.007 |
| (6.9–11.7) | (9.0–19.8) | (1.1–2.0) | ||||
| Croatia | 60 | 5.7 | 362 | 12.3 | 1.8 | <0.001 |
| (3.5–7.9) | (9.0–15.5) | (1.4–2.4) | ||||
| Georgia | 77 | 9.4 | 82 | 17.7 | 1.8 | 0.001 |
| (6.7–12.2) | (12.2–23.1) | (1.4–2.5) | ||||
| Italy | 102 | 12.8 | 207 | 23.1 | 1.7 | <0.001 |
| (9.5–16.1) | (18.4–27.9) | (1.3–2.3) | ||||
| Latvia | 323 | 15.7 | 414 | 21.6 | 1.3 | 0.001 |
| (13.5–18.0) | (19.6–23.5) | (1.1–1.6) | ||||
| Poland | 606 | 22.5 | 692 | 32.3 | 1.3 | <0.001 |
| (19.9–25.2) | (29.7–35.0) | (1.2–1.5) | ||||
| Romania | 259 | 6.7 | 147 | 10.1 | 1.4 | 0.004 |
| (5.4–8.0) | (8.1–12.1) | (1.1–1.7) | ||||
| Serbia | 149 | 5.5 | 116 | 11.6 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
| (4.2–6.7) | (9.1–14.1) | (1.5–2.5) | ||||
| Slovakia | 161 | 6.2 | 150 | 11.7 | 1.6 | <0.001 |
| (4.6–7.9) | (8.4–15.0) | (1.3–2.0) | ||||
| The Czech Republic | 321 | 9.7 | 88 | 22.5 | 2.1 | <0.001 |
| (7.6–11.7) | (18.5–26.5) | (1.7–2.6) | ||||
| The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | 270 | 9.4 | 402 | 15.7 | 1.6 | <0.001 |
| (7.8–11.0) | (13.6–17.8) | (1.3–1.9) | ||||
| The Republic of Moldova | 165 | 8.3 | 434 | 17.7 | 2.0 | <0.001 |
| (7.0–9.5) | (15.0–20.3) | (1.7–2.2) | ||||
| The Republic of North Macedonia | 53 | 3.5 | 152 | 4.4 | 1.2 | 0.263 |
| (2.4–4.6) | (2.8–5.9) | (0.9–1.7) | ||||
| Ukraine | 322 | 13.5 | 293 | 25.7 | 1.8 | <0.001 |
| (10.0–16.9) | (21.1–30.4) | (1.4–2.3) | ||||
| San Marinob | 16 | — | 50 | 16.8 | 2.9 | – |
| (12.9–20.7) | (1.8–4.8) | |||||
| Kyrgyzstanb | 82 | 1.9 | 116 | 5.1 | – | – |
| (1.2–2.6) | (3.4–6.7) | |||||
Notes: P-values in bold represent statistically significant differences between prevalence of e-cigarette use among students, aged 11–17 years, who reported having at least medium amount of pocket money vs. no to less than medium amounts.
Adjusted by student’s age, sex and grade.
The insufficient sample size; hence, the resulting estimates may be unstable and are therefore, not reported. The regression coefficients for sex, pocket money and the interaction term between sex and pocket money were statistically significant suggesting differences in statistical effects of having at least medium amount of pocket money on prevalence of e-cigarette use between male and female students compared with having less than medium amount of pocket money.