Table 4.
Association between blood pressure variability (BPV) and log ACR trajectory for BPV (mm Hg) as a continuous variable and according to tertiles (T) of SD of systolic BP
| Continuous BPV | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 15,213 | 5,102 | 5,053 | 5,058 | |||
| Estimatea | Interactionb | Estimatea | Interactionb | Estimatea | Interactionb | ||
| Model 1 | 0.01 (P < 0.01) |
0.00 (P = 0.18) |
REF | 0.04 (P = 0.05) |
0.00 (P = 0.66) |
0.13 (P < 0.01) |
0.01 (P = 0.18) |
| Model 2 | 0.01 (P < 0.01) |
0.00 (P = 0.19) |
REF | 0.03 (P = 0.17) |
0.00 (P = 0.65) |
0.10 (P < 0.01) |
0.01 (P = 0.18) |
| Model 3 | 0.01 (P < 0.01) |
0.00 (P = 0.21) |
REF | 0.03 (P = 0.18) |
0.00 (P = 0.63) |
0.09 (P < 0.01) |
0.01 (P = 0.20) |
| Model 4 | 0.00 (P < 0.01) |
0.00 (P = 0.21) |
REF | 0.01 (P = 0.48) |
0.00 (P = 0.64) |
0.06 (P = 0.01) |
0.01 (P = 0.20) |
| Model 5 | 0.00 (P = 0.04) |
0.00 (P = 0.22) |
REF | 0.01 (P = 0.67) |
0.00 (P = 0.64) |
0.04 (P = 0.06) |
0.01 (P = 0.21) |
Abbreviations: ACR, albumin–creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; REF, reference. Model 1: unadjusted. Model 2: adjusted for age and sex. Model 3: includes Model 2 adjustments and diabetes, smoking, country, aspirin, race/ethnicity, BMI, and baseline statin use. Model 4: includes Model 3 adjustments and within-individual mean systolic blood pressure from baseline to second annual visit. Model 5: includes Model 4 adjustments and baseline antihypertensive drug use.
aEstimate of the cross-sectional association of BPV with eGFR at baseline.
bTime–BPV interaction term to test variation of the eGFR trajectory among BPV levels.