Table 2.
Univariate analysis of risk factors for the presence of significant symptoms of anxiety during and after lockdown.
| During |
After |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HADS anxiety >7 | OR | 95% confidence interval | P | HADS anxiety >7 | OR | 95% confidence interval | P | |
| n (%) | n (%) | |||||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 18 (22.8) | 1 | 11 (13.9) | 1 | ||||
| Female | 30 (45.5) | 2.8 | 1.3–5.7 | 0.004 | 25 (37.9) | 3.7 | 1.6–8.4 | 0.001 |
| Age | ||||||||
| <40 years | 24 (35.8) | 1 | 17 (25.4) | 1 | ||||
| ≥40 years | 24 (30.8) | 0.79 | 0.39–1.5 | 0.519 | 19 (24.4) | 0.94 | 0.44–2 | 0.888 |
| Disease type | ||||||||
| CD | 29 (40.3) | 1.9 | 0.94–3.8 | 0.068 | 27 (37.5) | 4.2 | 1.8–9.9 | <0.001 |
| UC | 19 (26) | 1 | 9 (12.3) | 1 | ||||
| BMI | ||||||||
| <30 | 40 (32) | 1 | 30 (24) | 1 | ||||
| ≥30 | 8 (40) | 1.4 | 0.53–3.7 | 0.480 | 6 (30) | 1.3 | 0.47–3.8 | 0.564 |
| Current smoker | ||||||||
| Yes | 8 (36.4) | 1.1 | 0.46–3 | 0.724 | 6 (27.3) | 1.1 | 0.41–3.2 | 0.773 |
| No | 40 (32.5) | 1 | 30 (24.4) | 1 | ||||
| Regular alcohol use | ||||||||
| Yes | 15 (38.5) | 1.3 | 0.64–2.9 | 0.406 | 11 (28.2) | 1.2 | 0.55–2.9 | 0.568 |
| No | 33 (31.1) | 1 | 25 (23.6) | 1 | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married/partner | 38 (35.5) | 0.64 | 0.28–1.7 | 0.301 | 26 (24.3) | 1 | ||
| Divorced/single/widowed | 10 (26.3) | 1 | 10 (26.3) | 1.1 | 0.47–2.5 | 0.805 | ||
| Education | ||||||||
| Low level | 33 (34) | 1.1 | 0.54–2.3 | 0.739 | 26 (26.8) | 1.3 | 0.6–3.1 | 0.434 |
| High level | 15 (31.1) | 1 | 10 (20.8) | 1 | ||||
| Active employment | ||||||||
| Yes | 16 (30.8) | 0.84 | 0.4–1.7 | 0.655 | 19 (26.8) | 1.2 | 0.57–2.2 | 0.598 |
| No | 32 (34.4) | 1 | 17 (23) | 1 | ||||
| Comorbidity | ||||||||
| Yes | 25 (36.2) | 1.3 | 0.65–2.6 | 0.446 | 20 (29) | 1.5 | 0.71–3.2 | 0.269 |
| No | 23 (30.3) | 1 | 16 (21.1) | 1 | ||||
| Previous history of MAD | ||||||||
| Yes | 8 (53.3) | 2.5 | 0.87–7.5 | 0.089 | 9 (60) | 5.7 | 1.8–17.4 | 0.001 |
| No | 40 (30.8) | 1 | 27 (20.8) | 1 | ||||
| Active IBD | ||||||||
| Yes | 18 (62.1) | 4.6 | 1.9–11 | <0.001 | 12 (66.7) | 8.5 | 2.9–25.1 | <0.001 |
| No | 30 (25.9) | 1 | 24 (18.9) | 1 | ||||
| EIM | ||||||||
| Yes | 10 (43.5) | 1.7 | 0.68–4.2 | 0.249 | 7 (30.4) | 1.4 | 0.52–3.7 | 0.497 |
| No | 38 (31.1) | 1 | 29 (23.8) | 1 | ||||
| IBD-related surgical history | ||||||||
| Yes | 3 (30) | 0.85 | 0.21–3.4 | 1 | 3 (30) | 1.3 | 0.32–5.4 | 0.71 |
| No | 45 (33.3) | 1 | 33 (24.4) | 1 | ||||
| Use of mesalazine | ||||||||
| Yes | 26 (30.2) | 0.72 | 0.36–1.4 | 0.375 | 18 (20.9) | 0.6 | 0.28–1.2 | 0.190 |
| No | 22 (37.7) | 1 | 18 (30.5) | 1 | ||||
| Use of steroids | ||||||||
| Yes | 3 (42.9) | 1.5 | 0.33–7.2 | 0.685 | 6 (50) | 3.4 | 1.03–11.4 | 0.073 |
| No | 45 (32.6) | 1 | 30 (22.6) | 1 | ||||
| Use of immunosuppressants | ||||||||
| Yes | 14 (42.4) | 1.6 | 0.76–3.7 | 0.195 | 10 (31.3) | 1.5 | 0.64–3.6 | 0.341 |
| No | 34 (30.4) | 1 | 26 (23) | 1 | ||||
| Use of biologics | ||||||||
| Yes | 15 (34.1) | 1.06 | 0.5–2.2 | 0.868 | 14 (30.4) | 1.5 | 0.69–3.3 | 0.287 |
| No | 33 (32.7) | 1 | 22 (22.2) | 1 | ||||
| Cohabitants during lockdown | ||||||||
| 0–1 | 23 (41.8) | 1.8 | 0.92–3.7 | 0.081 | 19 (34.5) | 2.2 | 1.05–4.8 | 0.034 |
| ≥2 | 25 (27.8) | 17 (18.9) | 1 | |||||
CD, Crohn's disease; UC, ulcerative colitis; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; BMI, body mass index; MAD, mood and/or anxiety disorders; EIM, extra-intestinal manifestations.