Table 2.
Unadjusted Associations Between the Risk Factors of Interest and Anti–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seropositivity Among Adult Men in 3 Provincial Prisons in Quebec, Canada, 2021
| Characteristic | Prevalence Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | ||
| Age category, years | ||
| 18–29 | Reference | Reference |
| 30–39 | 0.84 | 0.63–1.13 |
| 40–49 | 0.84 | 0.61–1.15 |
| ≥50 | 1.04 | 0.77–1.40 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | Reference | Reference |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1.55 | 1.15–2.08 |
| Indigenous | 0.96 | 0.66–1.39 |
| Other visible minoritya | 1.45 | 1.05–1.99 |
| Education level | ||
| Less than secondary | Reference | Reference |
| Secondary | 1.10 | 0.85–1.43 |
| Post-secondary | 1.07 | 0.81–1.41 |
| Housing statusb | ||
| Stable | Reference | Reference |
| Unstable | 1.51 | 1.21–1.89 |
| Clinical | ||
| Coronavirus disease 2019 symptomsc | ||
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 2.93 | 2.30–3.74 |
| Medical comorbiditiesd | ||
| None | Reference | Reference |
| 1 | 0.98 | 0.76–1.25 |
| ≥2 | 1.15 | 0.84–1.57 |
| Carceral | ||
| Provincial prison | ||
| Établissement de détention de Rivière-des-Prairies | Reference | Reference |
| Établissement de détention de Montréal | 1.86 | 1.38–2.52 |
| Établissement de détention de Saint-Jérôme | 1.30 | 0.87–1.92 |
| Time spent incarcerated since March 2020 | ||
| Little (<10%)e | Reference | Reference |
| Some (10%–49%) | 1.38 | 0.99–1.92 |
| Most (50%–99%) | 1.59 | 1.11–2.28 |
| All (100%) | 2.73 | 1.99–3.74 |
| Room type | ||
| Single cell | Reference | Reference |
| Shared cell | 0.92 | 0.69–1.22 |
| Employment during incarceration | ||
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1·61 | 1.24–2.08 |
| Meal consumption | ||
| Alone | Reference | Reference |
| Cellmates | 1.26 | 0.93–1.73 |
| Sector | 1.28 | 0.97–1.67 |
| Timing of incarceration at screening | ||
| Pre-prison outbreak | Reference | Reference |
| Post-prison outbreak | 1.76 | 1.26–2.47 |
Other visible minorities include Hispanic, Asian, and Arab.
Stable housing refers to living in an apartment, condo, or house; unstable housing refers to living in a shelter, group home, hotel, or having no fixed address.
Coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms include fever, chills, headache, sore throat, new or worsening cough, stuffy nose/congestion, difficulty breathing/shortness of breath, loss of smell or taste, fatigue, weakness, confusion, diarrhea, muscle pain, vomiting, and nausea.
Medical comorbidities include hypertension, diabetes, obesity (based on body mass index), asthma, chronic lung disease, chronic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, cancer, chronic blood disorder, chronic neurological disorder, immunocompromised (human immunodeficiency virus), and immunocompromised (other).
Reported spending less than 4 weeks incarcerated since March 2020.