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. 2022 Jan 19;12:761011. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761011

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Copyright © 2022 Feng, Wei, Che, Shen, Yang, Mi, Liu, Wu, Yang and Mu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Antioxidin-NV restored TGF-β1 secretion and TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway in HSF cells. (A,B): ELISA (A) and Western blot (B) showed antioxidin-NV significantly increased TGF-β1 secretion in HSF cells. (C,D) ELISA (C) and Western blot (D) showed antioxidin-NV significantly increased TGF-β1 secretion in hairless mice skin. (E) Western blot showed effects of antioxidin-NV on TGF-β signaling pathways and relative activation analysis. The results were quantified by Image J. The densitometry of phosphorylated Smad2 were normalized to Smad2, and graphed as the mean ± SD (n = 3). NV-10, 20, 40, VC-40 indicated the concentrations of 10, 20, 40 μg/ml respectively. ns, no significance, ^* p < 0.05, ^** p < 0.01.