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. 2022 Jan 19;12:827256. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.827256

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Copyright © 2022 Chang, Krenger, Krueger, Zha, Han, Yermanos, Roongta, Mohsen, Oxenius, Vogel and Bachmann

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Examination of Qβ-specific germinal center reaction. (A) gating strategy to measure germinal center B cells and Qβ-specific cells by flow cytometry. B cells were defined as B220^high dump (CD4, CD8, IgM, IgD, CD11b, CD11c, GR1)^low, from which PNA^high CD38^low germinal center cells were selected. Then Qβ^high cells from germinal center cells were marked. (B) Percentage of germinal center cells (left) and Qβ⁺ germinal center B cells (right) in splenocytes were plotted (n = 4). (C) Immuno-histology of Qβ-specific germinal centers of spleen sections from WT and TLR7 KO mice during 14 days after Qβ immunization. B cells were labeled as B220 (blue), germinal center as PNA (red) and Qβ (green). Analysis of germinal center areas with Image J 1.51s. p value from unpaired t-test was indicated as ≤0.05 (*), ≤0.01 (**), ≤0.001 (***). The figure is representative of two independent experiments.