Table 3.

Linear mixed models showing the effect of sex, time, and sex # time interaction on post-prandial glucose homeostasis.

	Glucose	Insulin	C-peptide
Sex (Men)	5.89	0.09	0.03
	[−5.85,17.63]	[−29.41,29.58]	[−1.55,1.61]
Time (10 min)	29.61***	62.29***
	[22.03,37.19]	[43.60,80.97]
Time (20 min)	31.39***	77.07***
	[23.81,38.97]	[58.38,95.75]
Time (30 min)	21.33***	75.54***	5.63***
	[13.75,28.92]	[56.85,94.22]	[4.74,6.53]
Time (45 min)	14.33***	74.39***
	[6.75,21.92]	[55.70,93.08]
Time (60 min)	5.39	70.52***	6.16***
	[−2.19,12.97]	[51.83,89.21]	[5.27,7.05]
Time (90 min)	8.33*	66.98***	6.20***
	[0.75,15.92]	[48.29,85.66]	[5.30,7.09]
Time (120 min)	5.90	61.43***	6.14***
	[−1.81,13.60]	[42.74,80.12]	[5.24,7.03]
Time (180 min)	−3.00	30.81**	4.14***
	[−10.58,4.58]	[12.12,49.50]	[3.24,5.03]
Male # Time (10 min)	−0.06	1.35
	[−10.78,10.67]	[−25.07,27.78]
Male # Time (20 min)	−0.17	19.25
	[−10.89,10.56]	[−7.18,45.68]
Male # Time (30 min)	2.06	21.71	1.26
	[−8.67,12.78]	[−4.72,48.14]	[−0.00,2.53]
Male # Time (45 min)	−5.22	8.38
	[−15.95,5.50]	[−18.05,34.80]
Male # Time (60 min)	−0.33	0.42	0.16
	[−11.06,10.39]	[−26.01,26.84]	[−1.11,1.42]
Male # Time (90 min)	−4.78	2.86	−0.09
	[−15.50,5.95]	[−23.57,29.29]	[−1.35,1.17]
Male # Time (120 min)	−1.95	0.10	−0.15
	[−12.76,8.86]	[−26.33,26.52]	[−1.41,1.12]
Male # Time (180 min)	1.33	4.25	0.05
	[−9.39,12.06]	[−22.17,30.68]	[−1.21,1.31]
Constant	83.28***	6.52	1.80**
	[74.98,91.58]	[−14.34,27.37]	[0.69,2.92]

Values are regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals [in bracket] obtained from mixed-effects linear regression model. Values represent differences in glucose, insulin, and c-peptide concentrations in men compared with women at baseline (effect of sex), changes between a time point and baseline (effect of time), differences in changes between a time point and baseline in men compared to women (effect of sex # time interaction). Abbreviations: *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001