Table 1.
Vaccine hesitancy by race and ethnicity according to country of enrollment.
| United States | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Black | Hispanic | Asian | More than one/other | |
| Number hesitant or unsure/total | 4715/64,144 | 611/2179 | 505/3235 | 309/3089 | 166/1003 |
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)a | 1.0 (ref.) | 3.84 (3.51–4.21) | 1.69 (1.53–1.86) | 1.22 (1.03–1.38) | 2.14 (1.82–2.52) |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)b | 1.0 (ref.) | 3.68 (3.35–4.05) | 1.66 (1.50–1.84) | 1.33 (1.17–1.50) | 2.13 (1.80–2.52) |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)c | 1.0 (ref.) | 3.15 (2.86–3.47) | 1.42 (1.28–1.58) | 1.34 (1.18–1.52) | 2.02 (1.70–2.39) |
| United Kingdom | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Black | South Asian | Middle East/East Asian | More than one/other | |
| Number hesitant or unsure/total | 56,734/1,110,544 | 1616/8787 | 1487/15,199 | 771/6946 | 1270/13,512 |
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)a | 1.0 (ref.) | 3.00 (2.86–3.16) | 1.59 (1.51–1.67) | 1.83 (1.70–1.97) | 1.43 (1.36–1.52) |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)b | 1.0 (ref.) | 2.96 (2.82–3.12) | 1.65 (1.56–1.73) | 1.84 (1.71–1.97) | 1.42 (1.34–1.50) |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)c | 1.0 (ref.) | 2.84 (2.69–2.99) | 1.66 (1.57–1.76) | 1.84 (1.70–1.98) | 1.48 (1.39–1.57) |
CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio.
aConditioned upon age and date of study entry.
bAdditional conditioning upon sex and adjustment for personal history of diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, kidney disease, current smoking status, body mass index, and prior reported history of COVID-19 infection.
cAdditional adjustment for frontline healthcare worker status, region, and education and income at the community level.