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. 2022 Feb 1;13:636. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28200-3

Table 5.

Vaccine uptake by race and ethnicity according to country of enrollment by economic deprivation.

United States
White Black Hispanic Asian More than one/other
Lower income (Quartile 1)
Number receiving a vaccine/total 3660/15,207 156/937 152/1033 71/421 55/267
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)a 1.0 (ref.) 0.73 (0.62–0.86) 0.99 (0.84–1.18) 0.90 (0.71–1.15) 1.13 (0.85–1.49)
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)b 1.0 (ref.) 0.75 (0.63–0.89) 0.99 (0.83–1.19) 0.89 (0.69–1.14) 1.07 (0.80–1.43)
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)c 1.0 (ref.) 0.73 (0.61–0.86) 0.94 (0.79–1.14) 0.90 (0.70–1.16) 1.08 (0.81–1.44)
Higher income (Quartile 4)
Number receiving a vaccine/total 3645/15,599 54/302 115/630 244/1089 53/225
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)a 1.0 (ref.) 0.86 (0.65–1.13) 1.13 (0.93–1.36) 1.09 (0.95–1.24) 1.13 (0.85–1.50)
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)b 1.0 (ref.) 0.85 (0.64–1.13) 1.15 (0.94–1.39) 1.08 (0.94–1.24) 1.12 (0.84–1.49)
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)c 1.0 (ref.) 0.83 (0.62–1.11) 1.05 (0.86–1.28) 0.97 (0.84–1.12) 1.09 (0.81–1.45)
United Kingdom
White Black South Asian Middle East/East Asian More than one/other
Lower income (Quartile 1)
Number receiving a vaccine/total 41,761/283,212 455/3904 745/5377 289/2260 459/4524
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)a 1.0 (ref.) 1.12 (1.02–1.23) 1.24 (1.15–1.33) 1.15 (1.02–1.29) 0.97 (0.88–1.06)
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)b 1.0 (ref.) 1.11 (1.01–1.22) 1.21 (1.12–1.30) 1.15 (1.02–1.29) 0.95 (0.87–1.04)
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)c 1.0 (ref.) 0.97 (0.89–1.07) 1.12 (1.04–1.21) 1.05 (0.94–1.18) 0.90 (0.82–0.99)
Higher income (Quartile 4)
Number receiving a vaccine/total 29,993/192,710 111/863 345/2250 136/1063 224/2018
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)a 1.0 (ref.) 1.18 (0.98–1.42) 1.32 (1.19–1.47) 0.99 (0.83–1.17) 1.04 (0.91–1.19)
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)b 1.0 (ref.) 1.20 (1.00–1.45) 1.29 (1.16–1.43) 0.97 (0.81–1.14) 1.03 (0.90–1.18)
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)c 1.0 (ref.) 1.08 (0.90–1.31) 1.19 (1.07–1.33) 0.91 (0.77–1.08) 1.01 (0.88–1.15)

Data are shown through 1 February 2021.

CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio.

aConditioned upon age and date of study entry.

bAdditional conditioning upon sex and adjustment for personal history of diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, kidney disease, current smoking status, body mass index, and prior reported history of COVID-19 infection.

cAdditional adjustment for frontline healthcare worker status, region, and education and income at the community level (except in models for a given strata).