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. 2022 Jan 9;36(2):294–302. doi: 10.1038/s41433-021-01765-x

Table 2.

Potential complement pathway therapeutic targets for dry AMD [35, 44, 45].

Target Molecule(s) Company Type/MOA Pathway Comments
Complement factor B IONIS-FB-LRx Roche/Ionis Subcutaneous ligand-conjugated (LICA) antisense therapy Alternative pathway Phase II GOLDEN trial ongoing
Complement factor I GT005 Gyroscope Subretinal AAV2 vector; gene therapy designed to induce expression of CFI Alternative pathway Phase I/II FOCUS trial showed GT005 to be well tolerated; phase II EXPLORE and HORIZON studies are ongoing
Complement factor H GEM103 Gemini IVT recombinant human CFH Alternative pathway Phase 2a ReGAtta trial enrollment complete
Complement factor I GEM104 Gemini IVT full-length recombinant human CFI Alternative pathway In preclinical development
Complement factor D ALXN2040 Alexion/AstraZeneca Oral factor D inhibitor Alternative pathway IND application submitted; phase II study planned
Complement C3 NGM621 NGM Bio IVT humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody Classical pathway Phase II CATALINA study currently recruiting
Complement C3 Pegcetacoplan Apellis IVT cyclic peptide-bound polyethylene glycol polymer Classical pathway Phase II FILLY trial showed reduction of GA growth; phase III DERBY and OAKS trials ongoing
Complement C5 Avacincaptad pegol Iveric Bio IVT pegylated RNA aptamer Classical pathway Phase II GATHER1 trial showed decrease in GA lesion size; phase III GATHER2 trial ongoing