Table 2.

Brain diseases and network connectivity

Brain diseases	Responding network connectivity
Parkinson’s disease (PD)	PD results in cognitive and executive deficits related to changed functional brain connectivity among the old group (Gao and Wu 2016; Yi et al. 2017). The cognitive deficits reflect on the alpha rhythm, especially in frontotemporal regions (Hassan et al. 2017). The executive deficits contribute to frontoparietal connectivity decrease (Teramoto et al. 2016). While one scientific paper finds that those subjects with PD have higher bilateral gamma and left alpha2 rhythms, and alpha2-gamma coupling in the right posterior parietal compared with peer healthy controls (Bin Yoo et al. 2018)
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)	ASD occurs mainly in children. The connectivity dramatically cuts down in alpha and theta band for children with ASD (Bosl et al. 2011; Zeng et al. 2017), and also low long-range connectivity (O'Reilly et al. 2017). Especially, the dynamic connectivity can be measured obviously in sensorimotor and advanced cognitive networks (Mash et al. 2019)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)	Subjects with ADHD behave abnormally and pay inattention. Rhythmical experiments reveal that ADHDers have low clustering in hyperactivity while augmented segregation degree (Ghaderi et al. 2017; Michelini et al. 2019)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)	ALS is one neurodegenerative illness that causes mainly motor cortex, and also cognitive networks (Dukic et al. 2019). Nodal assortativity of the alpha band in ALS patients is increased and the clustering coefficient also has greatly higher values in all neural frequencies (Fraschini et al. 2016; Iyer et al. 2015)
Auditory disorder	Tinnitus is one of the auditory disorders and still perceives the sound without external auditory stimuli. The auditory network with tinnitus has a comparatively different level of segregation and integration in most rhythm bands (Mohagheghian et al. 2019). The connectivity in the superior frontal cortex has various degrees of reduction for all frequency bands during the development stage of tinnitus (Lan et al. 2020). Sudden deafness also is one auditory disease that has inhibited the alpha2 band in the left frontal regions and strengthens the attention or emotional function networks (Cai et al. 2019)
Stroke	The connectivity of after-stroke patients has more new connections to unfold the neuroplasticity of the brain (Hordacre et al. 2018; Li et al. 2014). Moreover, the changing functional and structural topology can predict different deficits (Siegel et al. 2016)
Major depressive disorder (MDD)	MDD is one mental illness that is companied by a depressed mood. The resting-state connectivity indices (strength, clustering coefficient, path length, centrality, etc.) differ significantly from normal healthy controls (Saeedi et al. 2021; Shim et al. 2018). Simultaneously, MDD also affects MDD patients’ cognitive and motivational functions (Damborská et al. 2019)