Table 1.
Sleep architecture and leg movement activity during sleep parameters in controls and MS patients without RLS.
| Controls (n = 28) |
MS Patients (n = 40) |
Student’s t-Test | Effect Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | t-Value | P ≤ | Cohen’s d | |
| Sleep architecture | |||||||
| Time in bed, min | 490.3 | 82.21 | 459.5 | 47.33 | 1.953 | NS | 0.459 |
| Sleep period time, min | 474.4 | 79.82 | 421.3 | 62.75 | 3.070 | .003* | 0.740 |
| Total sleep time, min | 417.7 | 66.14 | 376.6 | 66.71 | 2.508 | .015 | 0.619 |
| Sleep latency, min | 11.4 | 12.21 | 28.5 | 30.01 | −2.844 | .006 | −0.745 |
| REM latency, min | 123.3 | 87.34 | 94.9 | 64.43 | 1.545 | NS | 0.370 |
| Stage shifts/h | 13.4 | 4.51 | 19.4 | 6.16 | −4.374 | .000044* | −1.107a |
| Awakenings/h | 6.2 | 2.93 | 5.6 | 2.63 | 0.899 | NS | 0.219 |
| Sleep efficiency, % | 85.6 | 7.43 | 82.0 | 11.85 | 1.447 | NS | 0.370 |
| Stage W, % | 11.5 | 7.26 | 10.5 | 8.64 | 0.499 | NS | 0.125 |
| Stage N1, % | 6.2 | 3.85 | 9.3 | 4.32 | −3.030 | .0035* | −0.754 |
| Stage N2, % | 49.8 | 9.27 | 43.7 | 8.21 | 2.849 | .0058 | 0.694 |
| Stage N3, % | 14.7 | 9.16 | 18.7 | 6.65 | −2.067 | .043 | −0.495 |
| Stage R, % | 17.8 | 5.27 | 17.8 | 6.56 | −0.011 | NS | −0.003 |
| Leg movement activity | |||||||
| PLMS index | 2.3 | 5.46 | 8.5 | 14.54 | −2.158 | .035 | −0.567 |
| SILMS index | 2.3 | 4.31 | 3.1 | 2.64 | −1.009 | NS | −0.238 |
| ISOLMS index | 7.5 | 5.50 | 9.3 | 4.59 | −1.459 | NS | −0.354 |
| Total LMS index | 12.0 | 14.29 | 20.9 | 17.51 | −2.212 | .03 | −0.555 |
| Bilateral PLMS, % | 32.3 | 25.68 | 38.8 | 58.55 | −0.371 | NS | −0.145 |
| Periodicity index | 0.092 | 0.152 | 0.225 | 0.255 | −2.473 | .016 | −0.635 |
| PLMS duration, s | 2.1 | 0.64 | 2.1 | 0.83 | 0.143 | NS | 0.054 |
| SILMS duration, s | 2.5 | 1.46 | 2.2 | 1.09 | 0.904 | NS | 0.217 |
| ISOS duration, s | 2.5 | 0.78 | 2.4 | 0.75 | 0.700 | NS | 0.172 |
| PLMS index in REM sleep | 1.9 | 4.13 | 7.3 | 19.26 | −1.472 | NS | −0.392 |
| PLMS index in NREM sleep | 2.5 | 6.54 | 8.9 | 14.96 | −2.141 | .036 | −0.559 |
*
Significant after Bonferroni correction. aEffect size value > 0.8 (large effect). ISOLMS = isolated leg movements during sleep, LMS = leg movements during sleep, MS = multiple sclerosis, NREM = non-rapid eye movement, NS = not significant, PLMS = periodic leg movements during sleep, REM = rapid eye movement, SILMS = short-interval leg movements during sleep.