Table 3.
Multivariate logistic regression of anxiety and depression.
| Variables | Depression | Anxiety | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR | 95% CI | P | AOR | 95% CI | P | |
| Age | 1.00 | 0.95–1.06 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 0.95–1.05 | 0.96 |
| Female (ref. = male) | 0.93 | 0.80–1.09 | 0.375 | 0.96 | 0.83–1.12 | 0.621 |
| Residence area (ref. = Rural) | 0.73 | 0.61–0.87 | 0.001 | 0.85 | 0.72–1.02 | 0.077 |
| Specialized subject (ref. = non–medical) | 0.87 | 0.74–1.02 | 0.087 | 0.81 | 0.69–0.95 | 0.008 |
| Family monthly income (ref. = 0–155$) | ||||||
| 156–312 | 0.90 | 0.70–1.16 | 0.433 | 1.12 | 0.87–1.44 | 0.366 |
| 313–469 | 0.92 | 0.72–1.17 | 0.485 | 1.05 | 0.83–1.33 | 0.706 |
| 470–783 | 1.02 | 0.78–1.33 | 0.874 | 1.21 | 0.93–1.57 | 0.154 |
| ≥784 | 1.03 | 0.77–1.37 | 0.84 | 1.07 | 0.80–1.41 | 0.658 |
| Father's education background (ref. = primary schools and below) | ||||||
| Junior high school | 1.06 | 0.86–1.29 | 0.588 | 1.09 | 0.89–1.32 | 0.406 |
| High school or technical secondary school | 0.98 | 0.77–1.24 | 0.847 | 1.04 | 0.82–1.31 | 0.766 |
| Junior college or above | 1.19 | 0.90–1.58 | 0.223 | 1.22 | 0.92–1.60 | 0.164 |
| Mother's education background (ref. = primary schools and below) | ||||||
| Junior high school | 1.13 | 0.94–1.35 | 0.185 | 0.91 | 0.76–1.08 | 0.271 |
| High school or technical secondary school | 1.18 | 0.93–1.50 | 0.166 | 1.00 | 0.79–1.26 | 0.995 |
| Junior college or above | 1.07 | 0.80–1.43 | 0.657 | 0.92 | 0.69–1.22 | 0.548 |
| Only child in family (ref. = no) | 1.04 | 0.88–1.22 | 0.654 | 1.11 | 0.94–1.30 | 0.212 |
| Average monthly living cost (ref. = ≤156$) | ||||||
| 157–235 | 1.03 | 0.87–1.21 | 0.77 | 1.09 | 0.93–1.29 | 0.297 |
| 236–313 | 1.17 | 0.93–1.48 | 0.172 | 1.23 | 0.98–1.54 | 0.078 |
| ≥314 | 1.26 | 0.92–1.73 | 0.149 | 1.31 | 0.96–1.79 | 0.084 |
| Family economic level by self–evaluation (ref. = bad) | ||||||
| Good | 0.77 | 0.66–0.91 | 0.002 | 0.86 | 0.73–1.01 | 0.059 |
| General | 0.77 | 0.56–1.07 | 0.121 | 0.76 | 0.55–1.06 | 0.102 |
| Academic year (ref. = Freshman) | ||||||
| Sophomore | 1.20 | 1.00–1.44 | 0.052 | 1.02 | 0.86–1.23 | 0.79 |
| Junior | 1.29 | 1.04–1.61 | 0.023 | 1.16 | 0.94–1.44 | 0.174 |
| Senior | 1.49 | 1.12–1.99 | 0.007 | 1.19 | 0.89–1.57 | 0.24 |
| Academic performance (ref. = Bad) | ||||||
| Good | 0.76 | 0.61–0.94 | 0.012 | 0.89 | 0.72–1.09 | 0.266 |
| General | 0.72 | 0.56–0.93 | 0.011 | 1.10 | 0.87–1.40 | 0.432 |
| Learning burden (ref. = Heavy) | ||||||
| General | 0.65 | 0.56–0.75 | <0.001 | 0.52 | 0.45–0.60 | <0.001 |
| Light | 0.56 | 0.39–0.79 | 0.001 | 0.29 | 0.20–0.41 | <0.001 |
| Psychological counseling (ref. = No) | 0.55 | 0.42–0.73 | <0.001 | 0.46 | 0.35–0.60 | <0.001 |
| Smoking status (ref. = No) | 0.91 | 0.66–1.26 | 0.575 | 1.15 | 0.84–1.58 | 0.377 |
| Alcohol consumption (ref. = No) | 1.08 | 0.87–1.34 | 0.467 | 1.03 | 0.83–1.27 | 0.795 |
| Regular Physical activity (ref. = No) | 0.85 | 0.72–0.99 | 0.042 | 0.82 | 0.70–0.96 | 0.016 |
| Regular daily routine (ref. = No) | 0.77 | 0.66–0.90 | 0.001 | 0.92 | 0.79–1.08 | 0.31 |
| Regular diet (ref. = No) | 0.56 | 0.48–0.65 | <0.001 | 0.55 | 0.47–0.64 | <0.001 |
| Sufficient sleep (ref. = No) | 0.62 | 0.53–0.72 | <0.001 | 0.74 | 0.63–0.87 | <0.001 |
| BMI (ref. = Low weight) | ||||||
| Normal | 0.91 | 0.77–1.08 | 0.299 | 0.90 | 0.76–1.06 | 0.19 |
| Overweight | 0.80 | 0.61–1.04 | 0.099 | 0.95 | 0.73–1.24 | 0.724 |
| Obesity | 0.94 | 0.69–1.28 | 0.692 | 1.04 | 0.77–1.41 | 0.793 |
| Lose weight in the past month (ref. = No) | 1.33 | 1.14–1.54 | <0.001 | 1.26 | 1.09–1.46 | 0.002 |