Table 1. Characteristics of Probands and First-degree Relatives, by Proband Self-reported Race and Ethnicity.
| Characteristic | Median (IQR) [No.] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic (probands, n = 102; relatives, n = 159) | Non-Hispanic (probands, n = 1118; relatives, n = 1534) | |||
| Black (probands, n = 10; relatives, n = 13) | White (probands, n = 92; relatives, n = 146) | Black (probands, n = 516; relatives n = 492) | White (probands, n = 602; relatives, n = 1042) | |
| Age at enrollment, y | ||||
| Probands | 48.6 (34.8 to 56.4) | 49.0 (38.2 to 58.0) | 50.9 (41.7 to 59.5) | 55.4 (43.9 to 64.5) |
| Relatives | 28.4 (21.1 to 36.7) | 36.6 (23.6 to 48.8) | 40.6 (27.1 to 55.3) | 44.5 (28.1 to 60.1) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female, No. (%) | ||||
| Probands | 3 (30.0) | 39 (42.4) | 228 (44.2) | 264 (43.9) |
| Relatives | 5 (38.5) | 93 (63.7) | 325 (66.1) | 589 (56.5) |
| Male, No. (%) | ||||
| Probands | 7 (70.0) | 53 (57.6) | 288 (55.8) | 338 (56.2) |
| Relatives | 8 (61.5) | 53 (36.3) | 167 (33.9) | 453 (43.5) |
| No. of living first-degree relatives per proband | 3 (2 to 5) | 4 (3 to 6) | 4 (3 to 6) [n = 514] | 4 (3 to 6) |
| % Living first-degree relatives enrolled per proband | 50.0 (16.7 to 75.0) | 33.3 (0.0 to 70.8) | 16.7 (0.0 to 50.0) [n = 508] | 40.0 (11.1 to 66.7) |
| Probands with ≥1 enrolled first-degree relative, No. (%) | 8 (80.0) | 64 (69.6) | 292 (56.6) | 460 (76.4) |
| Relatives’ relationship to proband, No. (%) | ||||
| Child | 8 (61.5) | 76 (52.1) | 249 (50.6) | 491 (47.1) |
| Full sibling | 4 (30.8) | 42 (28.8) | 154 (31.3) | 335 (32.2) |
| Parent | 1 (7.7) | 28 (19.2) | 89 (18.1) | 216 (20.7) |
| Age at diagnosis of probands, y | 42.3 (34.3 to 52.4) | 39.7 (30.8 to 50.6) | 43.1 (33.3 to 52.4) | 46.0 (35.7 to 55.3) [n = 601] |
| Interventions for probands, No. (%) | ||||
| Left ventricular assist device | 1 (10.0) | 12 (13.0) | 136 (26.4) | 106 (17.6) |
| Heart transplant | 1 (10.0) | 26 (28.3) | 60 (11.6) | 96 (16.0) |
| Biventricular pacemaker | 2 (20.0) | 13 (14.4) [n = 90] | 50 (10.1) [n = 496] | 101 (17.3) [n = 583] |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator | 7 (70.0) | 63 (68.5) | 351 (68.6) [n = 512] | 390 (65.1) [n = 599] |
| Comorbidities of probands, No. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 5 (50.0) | 51 (55.4) | 346 (67.1) | 245 (40.7) |
| High cholesterol | 3 (30.0) | 34 (37.0) | 146 (28.3) | 149 (24.8) |
| Diabetes | 1 (10.0) | 25 (27.2) | 161 (31.2) | 115 (19.1) |
| Cancer | 0 | 5 (5.4) | 22 (4.3) | 39 (6.5) |
| Lung disease | 0 | 2 (2.2) | 24 (4.7) | 27 (4.5) |
| Relatives with DCM diagnosis prior to enrollment, No. (%) | 1 (7.7) | 8 (5.5) | 45 (9.2) | 61 (5.9) |
| DCM phenotype of relatives, No. (%) | ||||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 1 (7.7) | 14 (9.6) | 59 (12.0) | 76 (7.3) |
| Left ventricular enlargement only | 1 (7.7) | 12 (8.2) | 34 (6.9) | 84 (8.1) |
| Left ventricular systolic dysfunction only | 0 | 3 (2.1) | 25 (5.1) | 47 (4.5) |
| No left ventricular enlargement or left ventricular systolic dysfunction | 11 (84.6) | 117 (80.1) | 374 (76.0) | 835 (80.1) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | ||||
| Probands | 23 (10 to 37) | 20 (16 to 25) | 20 (15 to 25) [n = 515] | 23 (16 to 30) [n = 598] |
| Relatives | 59 (54 to 67) [n = 12] | 62 (55 to 65) [n = 144] | 57 (53 to 61) [n = 483] | 59 (55 to 63) [n = 1026] |
| Left ventricular internal diastolic dimension, mm | ||||
| Probands | 66 (62 to 70) | 66 (60 to 72) | 65 (60 to 71) [n = 514] | 64 (59 to 69) [n = 598] |
| Relatives | 47 (45 to 53) [n = 12] | 47 (43 to 51) [n = 143] | 47 (44 to 52) [n = 483] | 48 (44 to 52) [n = 1015] |
| Left ventricular internal diastolic dimension (z score)a | ||||
| Probands | 4.2 (2.9 to 5.8) | 4.7 (3.5 to 5.8) | 4.2 (3.1 to 5.6) [n = 514] | 3.9 (2.8 to 5.1) [n = 596] |
| Relatives | 0.1 (−0.7 to 1.0) [n = 10] | 0.1 (−1.4 to 1.1) [n = 140] | −0.1 (−1.1 to 1.3) [n = 474] | 0.0 (−1.1 to 1.1) [n = 994] |
Abbreviation: DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy.
a
Calculated based on sex and height24 for all study participants with heights of at least 152 cm (male) or 137 cm (female).