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. 2022 Feb 2;41:48. doi: 10.1186/s13046-021-02198-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — Schwann cell autophagy is inhibited by RO + CQ in vivo. A. CK19 IHC staining of the PANC-1 and BxPC-3 nerve invasion models. T indicates the tumor. Arrow indicates nerve. B. Statistics of the distance (μm) between nerves and tumors in the PANC-1 nerve invasion model (tumor image: Fig. 8A) (* p < 0.05). C. Statistics of the distance (μm) between nerves and tumors in the BxPC-3 nerve invasion model (tumor image: Fig. 8A) (* p < 0.05). D. TEM image of the PANC-1 and BxPC-3 nerve invasion models treated with the control, RO, CQ or RO + CQ. The green arrow indicates autophagosomes. The red arrow indicates apoptosis sign. E. Statistics of the autophagosome number of Schwann cells in the PANC-1 nerve invasion model treated with the control, RO, CQ or RO + CQ (cell image: Fig. 8D) (* p < 0.05). F. Statistics of the autophagosome number of Schwann cells in the BxPC-3 nerve invasion model treated with the control, RO, CQ or RO + CQ (cell image: Fig. 8D) (* p < 0.05). G. LC3 IHC staining of tumors in the PANC-1 nerve invasion model treated with the control, RO, CQ or RO + CQ. Green arrow indicates LC3-positive cancer cells. H. LC3 IHC staining of nerves in the PANC-1 nerve invasion model treated with the control, RO, CQ or RO + CQ. Green arrow indicates LC3-positive Schwann cells. I. LC3 IHC staining of tumors in the BxPC-3 nerve invasion model treated with the control, RO, CQ or RO + CQ. Green arrow indicates LC3-positive cancer cells. J. LC3 IHC staining of nerves in the BxPC-3 nerve invasion model treated with the control, RO, CQ or RO + CQ. Green arrow indicates LC3-positive Schwann cells