(A and B) Anatomic relation of “REM sleep-on” and “sleep-off” cells, carbachol-induced atonia sites, lesions blocking atonia but not preventing rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and lesions completely blocking REM sleep. The inhibitory regions shown in Figs. 9–12 are not plotted. (From Siegel JM, Rogawski MA. A function for REM sleep: regulation of noradrenergic receptor sensitivity. Brain Res 1988;13:213–233.) Bottom of figure shows anatomical locations of REM on areas in cats, rat, and projected location in human in sagittal and coronal views. (From Siegel JM. The stuff dreams are made of: anatomical substrates of REM sleep. Nat Neurosci 2006;9:721–722.)