Table 3.

Summary of case series of patients with PPI-induced SCLE

Author, year		Bracke et al.[11] 2005	Dam and Bygum[12] 2008	Tom Whittle et al.[17] 2011	Almebayadh et al.[21] 2013	Sandholdt et al.[7] 2014	Present series
No. of patients		2	5	2	3	19	7
Sex	Male	0	1	0	1	2	4
	Female	2	4	2	2	17	3
Age (years)	Range	63-69	50-63	78-85	30-57	28-86	53-70
	Average	66	56.4	81.5	39.3	61	60.2
Latency period	Range	3-5 months	4-8 weeks	3 months	7 weeks to several weeks	1 week-3.5 years	2 weeks-1 year
	Average	4 months	31.4 days	3 months	8 months	11.4 weeks
PPI associated	Pantoprazole	0	2	0	1	1	2
	Omeprazole	0	1	2	1	5	0
	Esomeprazole	0	0	0	1	4	4
	Lansoprazole	2	2	0	0	9	0
	Rabeprazole	0	0	0	0	0	1
Relapse episodes		Nil	Nil	Nil	1 (pantoprazole)	5 episodes*	2 episodes**
Skin biopsy findings	SCLE	2	3	2	3	11	6
	EM like	0	1	0	0	3	1
	Not done	0	0	0	0	5	0
DIF (skin biopsy)	Positive	1	2	0	1	4	0
	Negative	0	2	2	2	7	3
	Not done	1	1	0	0	12	4
Antibodies	ANA	2	5	2	3	11.61%	7
	Anti-Ro	2	4	2	3	13.73%	7
	Anti-La	0	0	1	1	6.33%	4
	Others	1	4	0	2	1.8%	0
Naranjo scale	Definite	0	0	0	0	3	2
	Probable	0	0	0	0	14	5
	Possible	0	0	0	0	2	0
	Not done	2	5	2	3	0	0
Outcome	Complete remission	2	3	2	3	14	6
	Partial remission	0	0	0	0	2	1
	Death	0	2	0	0	3	0

DIF=Direct immunofluorescence, EM=Erythema multiforme, PPI=Proton pump inhibitor, SCLE=Subcutaneous lupus erythematosus. *Five relapse episodes, one each from pantoprazole and omeprazole and three episodes from lansoprazole. **Two relapse episodes, one each from pantoprazole and esomeprazole