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. 2022 Jan 4;7(1):123–130. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01782

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Corresponding surface roughness parameters, (a) arithmetic mean roughness Ra values and (b) RMS roughness Rq, were calculated from the AFM images before and after incubation in a degradation medium at pH 13 for different times.