Table 3.

Mixed-Model Linear Regression Analysis of Soluble Markers’ Plasma Levels and LBP Disability

Dependent Variable: LBP Disability
Independent	Beta	SE	T	p-value
Age	0.190	0.035	5.403	8.20×10−8
Sex	0.082	0.029	2.819	0.004
GDF-15	0.234	0.035	6.647	4.92×10−11
Vaspin	0.096	0.028	3.335	0.0008
Follistatin	0.093	0.029	3.132	0.001
Model summary: R2= 0.183

Note: All quantitative variables were standardized prior to statistical analysis.

Abbreviations: SE, standard error; GDF-15, growth and differentiation factor 15.