TABLE 1.
Detection of P. carinii in lung tissue and air samples from 16 primate species and their environment
| Primate species (no. of animals examined)a | Detection of P. carinii in:b
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung tissue samplesc
|
Air samplesd
|
||||
| By direct examination | By mtLSU PCR | By DHPS PCR | By mtLSU PCR | By DHPS PCR | |
| Suborder Platyrrhini (New World monkeys), family Callitrichidae | |||||
| C. goeldii, Goeldi's monkey (4) | 1 | 1 | 1 | − | − |
| C. geoffroyi, Geoffroy's marmoset (10) | 2 | 2 | 2 | − | − |
| C. jacchus, common marmoset (18) | − | 6 | − | + | − |
| S. fuscicolis, Weddell's tamarin (3) | 2 | 3 | 2 | − | − |
| S. imperator, emperor tamarin (2) | − | 1 | − | − | − |
| S. midas midas, red-handed tamarin: captive animals (3); | 1 | 3 | 1 | − | − |
| wild animal (1) | − | 1 | − | ND | ND |
| S. oedipus oedipus, cotton-head tamarin (3) | − | 1 | − | − | − |
| Suborder Platyrrhini (New World monkeys), family Cebidae | |||||
| P. pithecia, pale-headed saki (2 wild animals) | − | 2 | − | ND | ND |
| S. sciureus, squirrel monkey: captive animals (5); | 1 | 1 | 1 | − | − |
| wild animal (1) | − | − | − | ND | ND |
| Suborder Catarrhini (Old World monkeys), family Cercopithecidae | |||||
| A. nigroviridis, swamp guenon (1) | − | 1 | 1 | − | − |
| C. hamlyni, owl-faced guenon (1) | − | 1 | − | − | − |
| C. nictitans, white-nosed guenon (1) | − | 1 | − | − | − |
| M. fascicularis, crab-eating macaque (3) | − | 1 | − | ND | ND |
| M. mulatta, rhesus macaque (2)e | − | 2 | − | ND | ND |
| M. nemestrina, pig-tailed macaque (4) | − | 1 | − | − | − |
| Suborder Strepsirhini (prosimians), family Lemuridae | |||||
| H. griseus, grey gentle lemur (1) | − | 1 | − | − | − |
| M. macaco, black lemur | ND | ND | ND | + | − |
Lung tissue samples and air samples were obtained from 16 additional primate species (Cebus capucinus, Leonpithecus rosalia, Leonpithecus chrysomelas, Callithrix pygmaea, Callithrix kuhli, Cercocebus agilis, Lephocebus aterrimus, Cercopithecus wolfi, Cercopithecus lhoesti, Papio cynocephalus, Colobus abyssinicus, Gorilla gorilla, Mandrillus sphinx, Maki catta, Maki vari, and Phaner furcifer), but direct examination and PCR amplification were systematically negative.
ND, not done.
The results are indicated in numbers of animals in which P. carinii was detected. Minus (−) indicates that none were detected.
Symbols: +, positive amplification; −, no amplification. Air samples were obtained by using the impacter device CAP (Arelco) in front of or inside the cages where simian colonies were maintained.
One rhesus macaque was native to India (Indian subspecies), and the other one was native to China (Chinese subspecies).