Table 3.
Vital signs and laboratory parameters of patients with severe COVID-19 and ARDS.
| Items | ICU admission |
Intubation |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 46) | Non-survival (n = 18) | Survival (n = 28) | t/χ2/Z | P-value | Total (n = 46) | Non-survival (n = 18) | Survival (n = 28) | t/χ2/Z | P-value | |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 99.0 (84.8–109.8) | 95.5 (83.3–105.0) | 102.0 (86.0–117.3) | 1.126 | 0.260 | 108.0 (98.3–130.0) | 104.5 (95.5–126.0) | 109.0 (99.0–130.0) | 0.405 | 0.685 |
| Respiratory rate (times/min) | 24.5 (20.0–30.8) | 22.5 (20.0–30.8) | 25 (20.0–32.3) | 0.034 | 0.973 | 25.0 (20.0–32.25) | 24.5 (20.0–33.25) | 25.0 (20.25–29.5) | 0.305 | 0.760 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 90.0 (80.0–101.0) | 89.0 (80.0–101.0) | 92.0 (81.0–104.0) | 0.248 | 0.804 | 84.0 (72.75–97.3) | 84.5 (76.0–97.0) | 84.0 (70.0–96.0) | 0.541 | 0.589 |
| PH | 7.41 (7.37–7.46) | 7.41 (7.32–7.48) | 7.41 (7.38–7.46) | 0.087 | 0.931 | 7.30 (7.20–7.10) | 7.29 (7.20–7.40) | 7.30 (7.30–7.40) | 1.135 | 0.256 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.60 (1.20–2.30) | 1.80 (1.10–2.50) | 1.50 (1.30–2.30) | 0.298 | 0.765 | 1.55 (1.20–2.13) | 1.50 (1.20–2.15) | 1.60 (1.20–2.10) | 0.039 | 0.969 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 68.4 (49.9–81.9) | 72.9 (54.9–84.6) | 67.0 (47.0–80.2) | 0.944 | 0.345 | 80.1 (57.2–94.0) | 80.0 (57.1–90.9) | 80.1 (56.4–95.0) | 0.185 | 0.853 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio (mmHg) | 104 (72–154) | 103 (73–149) | 106 (71–160) | 0.199 | 0.842 | 107 (71–173) | 99 (60–166) | 127 (87–191) | 1.495 | 0.135 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 39.0 (31.8–42.5) | 37.5 (28.6–44.1) | 39.3 (32.1–42.6) | 0.754 | 0.456 | 47.4 (39.7–58.6) | 47.7 (38.8–61.0) | 47.4 (40.9–58.0) | 0.197 | 0.844 |
| White blood cell count (× 109/L) | 9.7 (5.3–14.7) | 10.7 (6.8–14.1) | 8.7 (4.8–16.1) | 0.563 | 0.574 | 10.9 (7.1–15.6) | 10.9 (7.2–16.0) | 10.5 (5.8–16.1) | 0.630 | 0.529 |
| Lymphocyte count (× 109/L) | 0.64 (0.37–0.89) | 0.60 (0.43–0.79) | 0.69 (0.36–0.91) | 0.563 | 0.574 | 0.61 (0.31–0.87) | 0.55 (0.28–0.76) | 0.69 (0.33–0.97) | 1.182 | 0.237 |
| Platelets count (× 109/L) | 177 (115–236) | 166 (111–210) | 180 (116–252) | 0.675 | 0.499 | 169 (110–217) | 126 (100–188) | 180 (122–236) | 1.688 | 0.091 |
| Prothrombin time (s) | 13.6 (12.7–14.9) | 13.5 (12.5–16.4) | 13.8 (12.8–14.3) | 0.135 | 0.892 | 13.4 (12.8–14.9) | 14.3 (13.0–16.2) | 13.2(12.7–13.9) | 1.521 | 0.128 |
| Activated partial, second thromboplastin time (s) | 32.2 (28.3–36.8) | 30.3 (26.5–42.6) | 32.5 (29.6–36.3) | 0.957 | 0.339 | 31.5 (27.1–36.2) | 28.6 (26.5–37.8) | 32.6 (28.3–36.3) | 0.901 | 0.368 |
| d-dimer (mg/L) | 1855 (496–8418) | 2461 (856–8838) | 1367 (252–8228) | 0.945 | 0.344 | 2541 (1179–7672) | 5637 (1225–9021) | 2110 (1153–7377) | 0.855 | 0.392 |
| Hypersensitive troponin I (pg/mL) | 30.5 (11.0–140.4) | 27.0 (11.0–98.9) | 35.5 (11.3–182.4) | 0.630 | 0.528 | 42.5 (11.0–247.8) | 48.0 (11.0–157.7) | 41.0 (11.0–733.0) | 0.369 | 0.725 |
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 130.0 (60.0–224.0) | 154.5 (59.8–314.5) | 109.0 (59.0–195.0) | 0.689 | 0.491 | 121.0 (54.0–278.0) | 139.0 (58.5–260.8) | 103.0 (45.4–309.5) | 0.505 | 0.630 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 476.5 (370.3–598.5) | 517.5 (413.3–600.3) | 425.0 (288.0–588.0) | 1.272 | 0.204 | 479.5 (346.5–637.0) | 528.5 (458.5–637.0) | 446.0 (263.0–721.8) | 0.195 | 0.204 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 29.0 (20.0–53.5) | 41.5 (23.8–64.5) | 25.0 (16.0–46.5) | 1.869 | 0.062 | 29.0 (19.0–75.5) | 43.0 (26.5–96.5) | 25.0 (16.3–57.5) | 2.061 | 0.039 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 41.0 (29.8–63.3) | 43.5 (30.8–79.3) | 40.5 (27.5–57.3) | 0.822 | 0.411 | 41.0 (30.5–77.0) | 62.0 (36.0–127.0) | 40.0 (28.3–58.8) | 1.686 | 0.092 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 13.6 (9.0–22.9) | 14.9 (11.4–25.8) | 11.5 (7.1–18.7) | 1.778 | 0.075 | 13.5 (9.4–21.9) | 18.4 (10.5–25.3) | 12.5 (7.8–17.9) | 2.025 | 0.043 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 6.7 (4.7–11.0) | 7.9 (6.3–11.4) | 5.9 (4.6–8.8) | 1.677 | 0.094 | 7.3 (5.7–13.7) | 7.3 (6.3–13.2) | 7.3 (5.1–16.1) | 0.193 | 0.847 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 75.7 (60.6–108.2) | 81.3 (62.4–112.9) | 70.9 (57.4–90.9) | 0.968 | 0.333 | 76.3 (57.4–117.6) | 77.5 (63.3–113.0) | 70.4 (54.5–121.0) | 0.494 | 0.621 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 0.36 (0.11–1.50) | 0.35 (0.19–1.89) | 0.36 (0.07–1.15) | 0.730 | 0.465 | 0.74 (0.16–2.13) | 0.55 (0.32–2.04) | 0.77 (0.07–3.22) | 0.527 | 0.625 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 82.7 (20.6–203.3) | 94.1 (51.5–281.2) | 68.5 (18.2–204.3) | 0.608 | 0.564 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Murray LIS | 3.25 (3.00–3.50) | 3.29 (3.0–3.5.0) | 3.25 (3.00–3.5.0) | 0.479 | 0.632 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Bilateral involvement of chest radiographs | 46 (100.0) | 18 (100.0) | 28 (100.0) | 0.000 | 1.000 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| APACHE II score | 19.0 (14.8–25.0) | 19.0 (13.5–22.3) | 20.0 (15.0–25.0) | 0.654 | 0.513 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| SOFA score | 7.0 (5.0–9.0) | 7.0 (5.0–8.5) | 7.0 (4.3–9.0) | 0.329 | 0.742 | 7.5 (5.0–9.0) | 8.0 (7.0–9.0) | 6.5 (4.0–9.0) | 1.248 | 0.212 |
Data expressed as median (interquartile range) and n (%).
APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; FiO2: Fraction of inspired oxygen; ICU: Intensive care unit; IL-6: Interleukin-6; LIS: Lung injury score; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; NA: Not available; PaCO2: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO2: Partial pressure of arterial oxygen; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.