Fig. 3. Lower mutation probability in essential genes.

a, Variation in epigenome-derived mutation probability scores in coding sequence (CDS) among genes and gene ontology terms enriched in genes in the top (‘high-mutation probability genes’) and bottom (‘low-mutation probability genes’) deciles. Mm., macromolecular; N₂, nitrogen; nucleob., nucleobase-containing compound; reg., regulation; resp., response. b, Enrichment of epigenomic and other features in coding sequences of 719 genes known to be essential from mutant analyses (mean ± 2 s.e.m.). c, Total observed mutation rate (±2 s.e.m., bootstrapped) in genes (n = 2,339) with experimentally determined functions³⁸. The bars are coloured according to relative differences in mutation rates among genes classified by function (that is, orange refers to high mutation rate and blue represents low mutation rate). P ≈ 0 for both CDS and intron mutations.