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. 2022 Jan 20;11:811941. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.811941

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Copyright © 2022 Srivastava, Sharma, Khanna, Sadhu Balasundaram, Chowdhury, Chowdhury and Mukherjee

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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IL-6 fails to enhance TGF-β-induced SMAD-dependent EMT. (A) Phase-contrast images of TGF-β treated cells after 72 h of exposure compared to those of untreated control (scale bar: 100 μm). The encircled area represents morphologically distinct cells. (B) Transcript levels of N-Cad and vimentin after TGF-β treatment compared to those of untreated control. (C) Immunoblot showing expression of N-Cad and vimentin after TGF-β exposure for 72 h. (D) Immunoblot showing expression of SMAD2/3 after TGF-β treatment for 72 h; immunofluorescence image and relative fluorescence intensity of SMAD2 after TGF-β treatment (scale bar: 10 μm). The white arrow denotes SMAD2 protein. (E) Immunoblot showing SMAD3, N-Cad, and vimentin expression in cells treated with TGF-β or TGF-β plus SIS3 for 72 h (F) Immunoblot showing expression of N-Cad and vimentin after exposure to TGF-β or IL-6 or in combination for 72 h. **, *** and ns refers to p value significance of ≤0.01, ≤0.001 & not significant respectively.