Table 3.
The fixed effects models predicting depressive symptoms of Chinese older adults, by subsamples, CLASS 2016 and 2018, N = 8,932.
| Male | Female | Rural | Urban | Less than secondary | Secondary and above | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neg. life events | 1.426*** | 1.559*** | 1.791*** | 0.312 | 1.666*** | 1.251* |
| [0.503] | [0.588] | [0.541] | [0.578] | [0.472] | [0.641] | |
| Family ties (0–15) | −0.073** | −0.114*** | −0.117*** | −0.098*** | −0.064** | −0.141*** |
| [0.034] | [0.038] | [0.037] | [0.037] | [0.032] | [0.040] | |
| Friendship ties (0–15) | −0.035 | −0.067** | −0.05 | −0.066** | −0.086*** | −0.007 |
| [0.030] | [0.033] | [0.032] | [0.033] | [0.028] | [0.035] | |
| Neg. life events*Family ties | 0.136 | −0.093 | −0.003 | 0.072 | 0.015 | 0.059 |
| [0.084] | [0.095] | [0.092] | [0.092] | [0.077] | [0.107] | |
| Neg. life events*Friendship ties | −0.310*** | −0.046 | −0.209** | −0.087 | −0.230*** | −0.147 |
| [0.083] | [0.089] | [0.086] | [0.093] | [0.073] | [0.105] | |
| Age | 0.457 | 1.171*** | 0.196 | 1.385*** | 0.309 | 1.209*** |
| [0.366] | [0.377] | [0.390] | [0.357] | [0.329] | [0.440] | |
| Age–squared | 0.003 | −0.001 | 0.004 | −0.002 | 0.004* | −0.001 |
| [0.003] | [0.003] | [0.003] | [0.003] | [0.002] | [0.003] | |
| Married | −1.224*** | −0.521 | −0.661 | −1.476** | −0.840** | −1.009 |
| [0.458] | [0.476] | [0.418] | [0.616] | [0.367] | [0.683] | |
| Presence of grandchild | −0.451** | −0.395* | −0.412** | −0.441** | −0.377** | −0.427* |
| [0.192] | [0.207] | [0.194] | [0.218] | [0.176] | [0.230] | |
| Number of chronic diseases | 0.120** | 0.189*** | 0.161*** | 0.097** | 0.189*** | 0.117** |
| [0.047] | [0.050] | [0.056] | [0.046] | [0.044] | [0.054] | |
| Index of functional limitations | 0.031 | 0.035 | 0.054* | 0.006 | 0.021 | 0.045 |
| [0.031] | [0.033] | [0.033] | [0.032] | [0.028] | [0.039] | |
| Self–reported health (1–3, 5, 6) | −0.514*** | −0.378*** | −0.157* | −0.730*** | −0.461*** | −0.419*** |
| [0.081] | [0.088] | [0.081] | [0.090] | [0.074] | [0.099] | |
| Coresidence | −0.317* | −0.276 | −0.03 | −0.414** | −0.327** | −0.222 |
| [0.174] | [0.180] | [0.174] | [0.189] | [0.157] | [0.204] | |
| Constant | −37.151*** | −64.072*** | −23.362* | −73.676*** | −30.792*** | −66.915*** |
| [12.752] | [13.159] | [13.517] | [12.521] | [11.597] | [15.111] | |
| Person | 2,366 | 2,100 | 2,143 | 2,612 | 2,591 | 1,875 |
| N (Person–observation) | 4,732 | 4,200 | 3,997 | 4,935 | 5,182 | 3,750 |
The coefficient values are presented, standard errors in parentheses.
***
p < 0.01,
**
p < 0.05,
*
p < 0.10 (two-tailed tests).