Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of heart failure cases and subcohort members.
| Baseline characteristics | Subcohort (n=1200) | HF cases (n=958) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) | Median (25th, 75th) | No (%) | Median (25th, 75th) | |
| Age at enrollment (years) | 1200 | 55.8 (52.5, 59.9) | 958 | 58.7 (54.5, 61.9) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 600 (50) | 481 (50) | ||
| Female | 600 (50) | 477 (50) | ||
| Education | ||||
| Low (<8 years) | 344 (29) | 361 (38) | ||
| Medium (8–10 years) | 549 (46) | 415 (43) | ||
| High (>10 years) | 307 (25) | 182 (19) | ||
| Parity (women only) | ||||
| 0 | 77 (13) | 68 (14) | ||
| 1 to 2 | 360 (60) | 260 (55) | ||
| 3 to 8 | 163 (27) | 149 (31) | ||
| Menopausal status (women only) | ||||
| Post-menopausal | 349 (58) | 335 (70) | ||
| Pre-menopausal | 103 (17) | 37 (8) | ||
| Probably menopausal | 148 (25) | 105 (22) | ||
| Cotinine concentration | ||||
| <= 20 ng/mL | 690 (58) | 478 (50) | ||
| >20 ng/ml - <50 ng/mL | 354 (30) | 303 (32) | ||
| >=50 ng/mL - <200ng/mL | 134 (11) | 153 (16) | ||
| >=200 ng/mL | 22 (1) | 24 (2) | ||
| Body mass index | ||||
| < 25 | 479 (40) | 240 (25) | ||
| 25 to < 30 | 523 (44) | 397 (41) | ||
| 30 + | 198 (16) | 321 (34) | ||
| Leisure-time physical activity | ||||
| No | 465 (39) | 444 (46) | ||
| Yes | 735 (61) | 514 (54) | ||
| Urine Cd concentration (μg/L) | 0.19 (0.09, 0.34) | 0.22 (0.10, 0.41) | ||
| Urine creatinine concentration (g/L) | 0.99 (0.47, 1.64) | 1.05 (0.49, 1.65) | ||
| Urine osmolality (mOsM) | 583 (312, 784) | 596 (325, 784) | ||
Abbreviation definitions: Cd = cadmium; HF= heart failure