Table 2.
Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident heart failure per interquartile range difference and quartile of urinary cadmium concentration (creatinine standardized)
| U-Cd (μg/g creatinine) | Total | Cases (n) | U-Cd Median (μg/g creatinine) | Minimally adjusted HRa (95% CI) | Fully adjusted HRb (95% CI) | Trend Test P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuousc | 2094 | 958 | 1.1 (1.0 – 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0 – 1.2) | 0.048 | |
| Quartile 1: ≤ 0.13 | 495 | 211 | 0.10 | Ref | Ref | |
| Quartile 2: >0.13 – 0.20 | 471 | 195 | 0.17 | 0.89 (0.69 – 1.2) | 0.93 (0.70 – 1.2) | |
| Quartile 3: >0.20 – 0.32 | 544 | 257 | 0.25 | 1.2 (0.90 – 1.5) | 1.2 (0.93 – 1.6) | |
| Quartile 4: > 0.32 | 584 | 295 | 0.45 | 1.2 (0.92 – 1.6) | 1.3 (0.95 – 1.8) |
a
Minimally adjusted model includes sex.
b
Fully adjusted model includes: sex (categorical), BMI (continuous), education (categorical), and cotinine (continuous).
c
Continuous HR for an IQRw =0.19 μg/g difference in creatinine standardized urinary cadmium concentration.
Abbreviation definitions: U-Cd = urinary cadmium; HR = hazard ratio; CI= confidence interval