Table 3.
Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident heart failure per interquartile range increase and quartile of urinary cadmium concentration in sex-stratified analyses
| Male | Female | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U-Cd (μg/g creatinine) | Total (n) | Cases (n) | Fully adjusted HR (95% CI) | Total (n) | Cases (n) | Fully adjusted HR (95% CI) |
| Continuousa | 1041 | 481 | 1.5 (1.2 – 1.9) | 1053 | 477 | 1.1 (0.97 – 1.2) |
| Quartile 1: ≤ 0.13 | 385 | 170 | Ref | 110 | 41 | Ref |
| Quartile 2: >0.13 – 0.20 | 313 | 134 | 0.93 (0.67 – 1.3) | 158 | 61 | 0.93 (0.52 – 1.7) |
| Quartile 3: >0.20 – 0.32 | 240 | 113 | 1.1 (0.79 – 1.6) | 304 | 144 | 1.4 (0.81 – 2.3) |
| Quartile 4: > 0.32 | 103 | 64 | 2.0 (1.2 – 3.2) | 481 | 231 | 1.1 (0.68 – 1.8) |
a
Continuous HR for an IQRw=0.19 μg/g difference in creatinine standardized urinary cadmium concentration.
Adjusted model includes: BMI (continuous-linear), education (categorical-linear), and cotinine (continuous-linear). Female model also adjusted for menopause status.
P-value for sex by cadmium product term in the main fully adjusted model: p= 0.012
Abbreviation definitions: U-Cd = urinary cadmium; HR = hazard ratio; CI= confidence interval