Table 3.

Effect modification of the association of exposure to DNL ≥55 dB(A) versus DNL <55 dB(A) on the risk of hypertension.

	NHS			NHS II
Effect Modifier	Cases	Person-Years	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	Cases	Person-Years	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)
Race
White	31,327	675,735	1.03 (0.91, 1.16)	26,304	1,197,244	1.12 (0.99, 1.27)
Non-White	1,863	35,693	1.01 (0.68, 1.49)	1,952	70,601	0.79 (0.58, 1.09)
p-for-interaction a			0.40			0.21
Menopausal Status
Pre-menopausal	963	28,087	1.09 (0.58, 2.06)	15,415	805,691	1.04 (0.90, 1.21)
Post-menopausal	32,166	681,611	1.04 (0.93, 1.17)	10,319	380,334	1.08 (0.88, 1.32)
p-for-interaction a			0.39			0.90
Hearing Loss
Yes	3,820	74,773	0.93 (0.62, 1.41)	887	31,172	1.36 (0.68, 2.72)
No	22,700	499,621	1.03 (0.90, 1.19)	21,955	983,268	1.03 (0.90, 1.17)
p-for-interaction a			0.47			0.03
Diabetes
Yes	1,921	28,016	1.15 (0.71, 1.85)	1,099	20,481	0.95 (0.53, 1.71)
No	31,269	683,413	1.04 (0.92, 1.17)	27,157	1,247,364	1.08 (0.96, 1.21)
p-for-interaction a			0.43			0.93
Family History of Hypertension
Yes	13,622	254,140	1.01 (0.84, 1.21)	16,930	594,914	1.08 (0.93, 1.25)
No	19,568	457,289	1.07 (0.93, 1.24)	11,326	672,931	1.09 (0.91, 1.31)
p-for-interaction a			0.45			0.93
Statin Use
Yes	6,407	112,069	1.13 (0.87, 1.46)	3,260	83,325	0.96 (0.65, 1.41)
No	26,783	599,359	1.05 (0.92, 1.19)	24,996	1,184,520	1.10 (0.98, 1.24)
p-for-interaction a			0.86			0.53
Smoking Status
Smoker	3,544	77,687	0.68 (0.44, 1.03)	2,634	108,976	0.98 (0.67, 1.45)
Non-Smoker	29,586	632,391	1.12 (0.99, 1.26)	25,580	1,157,273	1.10 (0.98, 1.24)
p-for-interaction a			<0.01			0.40
Region
Northeast	16,895	358,947	1.04 (0.90, 1.21)	9182	419,274	1.12 (0.94, 1.34)
Midwest	5,621	122,043	0.97 (0.65, 1.43)	9192	413,082	1.03 (0.79, 1.34)
South	6,207	129,824	1.05 (0.78, 1.41)	5824	234,354	1.15 (0.91, 1.45)
West	4,466	100,518	1.25 (0.93, 1.69)	4053	200,775	1.00 (0.72, 1.39)
p-for-interaction a			0.77			0.90

^ap-for-interaction for the multiplicative term of potential effect modifier by noise category.