Table 2.

Case Classification at each Assessment Point

		Age		Step 1: Below Symptom Threshold		Step 2: Below Symptom Threshold + Absence of Impairmenta		Step 3 (Full Remission): Below Symptom Threshold + Absence of Impairment + Absence of Treatmentb		Partial Remission		Persistent ADHD
Years after Baseline	n	M	SD	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
2	531	10.43	.86	85	16.0	29	5.5	8	1.4	273	51.4	250	47.1
3	485	11.73	.92	95	19.6	27	5.6	10	2.1	229	47.2	246	50.7
6	449	14.94	.96	65	14.5	20	4.5	15	3.3	183	40.8	251	55.9
8	429	16.79	.96	93	21.7	36	8.4	26	6.1	202	47.1	201	46.9
10	422	18.69	.93	157	37.2	82	20.1	78	18.5	157	37.2	187	44.3
12	420	21.05	1.09	193	46.0	80	19.0	77	18.3	159	37.9	184	43.8
14	438	23.17	1.09	208	47.5	86	19.6	80	18.3	184	42.0	174	39.7
16	418	25.12	1.07	196	46.9	64	15.3	61	14.6	191	45.7	166	39.7

Note. To define persistence we applied the DSM-5 symptom threshold using the CAARS (or SNAP) and impairment threshold of “3 or higher” based on the IRS (or CIS). Partially remitted cases were those who neither met criteria for persistence, nor criteria for full remission.

^aIncludes 18 cases that were re-introduced after determining that impairment was fully explained by another mental disorder or substance use.

^bAbsence of ADHD treatment was defined as absence in the past 30 days of medication, behavior therapy, and school services for ADHD.