Table 2:
Vertical Integration Effects on Physicians’ Outpatient Procedure Allocations to ASCs
| Any ASC Use | Number of ASCs | Share of Medicare Cases in ASCs | Share of Commercial Cases in ASCs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| −0.029** (0.011) |
−0.051*** (0.017) |
−0.016** (0.008) |
−0.015** (0.007) |
|
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Physician FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations (N) | 37,303 | 37,303 | 33,214 | 34,683 |
| Unique Physicians | 5,329 | 5,329 | 5,100 | 5,272 |
Analytic sample includes the universe of outpatient procedure discharge records in Florida from 2009–2015. “Vertically Integrated” is equal to one for physicians that report hospital or health system ownership of their practice in a given year. “Medicare” includes all patients in the traditional (fee-for-service) public insurance program. “Commercial” refers to privately insured, non-Medicare patients. “HOPDs” are hospital outpatient departments. “ASCs” are ambulatory surgery centers. Columns 1 and 2 capture the number of unique facilities where procedures are performed (by facility type) within a given year. All models include year and physician fixed effects (FE). Standard errors are clustered at the physician level.
p < 0.05
p < 0.01