Fig. 4. bNAbs-mediated aggregates are neutralized.

a Primary CD4 T cells were infected with HIV-1 for 48 h and then cultivated with a bNAb (10–1074) or an isotype control (mGO53) in the presence of AZT/3TC. Fold-change in cell-associated Gag was measured by flow cytometry after 1, 2, and 3 days of culture. Values are normalized to the “no antibody” condition. Data represent the mean ± SEM of 6 donors of CD4 T cells. b Neutralization inhibitory concentrations 50% (IC₅₀) of non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs) or bNAbs targeting various epitopes of the envelope (CD4-binding site [CD4bs], V3 loop, V1/V2 loop, membrane proximal external region [MPER] and gp120/gp41 interface) against the three strains of HIV-1 (AD8, CH058 and vKB18). Data represent the mean of two independent experiments. c Correlation between the fold-change in supernatant p24 levels and antibody IC₅₀ of neutralization. Each dot represents a different antibody (n = 18). Mean values of six donors of CD4 T cells are depicted for p24 fold-changes. Data from cells infected with three different viral strains are represented with different colors. A two-tailed Spearman correlation test was performed, and the correlation r and p-value are indicated. d Primary CD4 T cells were infected with HIV-1 for 48 h and then cultivated for 24 h with 10–1074 in the absence of AZT/3TC to form aggregates. The infectivity of supernatants (left) and cells (right) was measured on TZM-bl cells. Data represent the mean ± SEM of 6 (left) and 3 (right) donors of CD4 T cells. e Primary CD4 T cells were infected with HIV-1 for 48 h and then cultivated for 24 h with 10–1074 or its monovalent Fab fragment, without (left) or with (right) AZT/3TC. p24 concentrations were measured by ELISA and normalized to the “no antibody” condition. Each dot represents a donor of CD4 T cells (n = 6). *p = 0.0313 (Two-tailed Wilcoxon test compared to mGO53). Bars represent the mean. Antibodies and Fab fragments were tested at a concentration of 100 nM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.