Figure 2.

Sex-dependent total and phosphoprotein expression in the dHPC. (A) Venn diagram showing significantly lower total protein abundance, but greater phosphoprotein abundance in the dHPC of female vs. male rats. Each circle represents the significant female vs. male differences in abundance of proteins (“Total”) or phosphoproteins (“Phospho”), with the overlap representing proteins whose levels differed in both fractions. (B) Volcano plot depicting significant differences in protein and phosphoprotein abundance between female and male rats. Log₂(Fold Change) values > 0 (red) indicate higher, and those < 0 (green) lower, abundance in females compared to males. Dots above the horizontal dashed line represent proteins with p < 0.05 (FDR threshold set at 1%). (C) Top 10 most significant (p < 0.05) gene ontology (GO) enrichment terms per category of proteins and phosphoproteins with significant sex-dependent abundance differences.