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. 2022 Feb 2;12:1763. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-04868-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The addition of the opposite polarity second phase inhibits the electroporative uptake of YO-PRO-1 dye (YP) in a broad range of supra-threshold electric field strengths. Measurements were performed in cell samples exposed to 300-pulse trains at 10 Hz. Unipolar pulse duration and one phase duration of bipolar pulses was 300 ns (left panel) or 500 ns (right panel). YP was added to cell samples before pulse exposure and washed away 30 min after it. Dashed lines are the LOESS function best fits. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 for the difference between bipolar and unipolar pulses, with two-tailed t test. See text for more details.