TABLE 2.
Clinical parameters of volunteers.
| Pre | Post | P | |
| Female/male | 9/6 | − | − |
| T2D diagnosis (years) | 5.56 ± 2.55 | − | − |
| Age (years) | 50.67 ± 3.97 | − | − |
| Height (cm) | 1.67 ± 0.07 | − | − |
| Weight (kg) | 83.62 ± 13.41 | 83.05 ± 13.41 | 0.08 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.61 ± 3.60 | 29.41 ± 3.61 | 0.08 |
| Neck circumference (cm) | 39.63 ± 4.47 | 38.83 ± 4.50a | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 96.86 ± 10.20 | 94.33 ± 10.04a | <0.0001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 106.26 ± 6.22 | 104.46 ± 5.82a | 0.01 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 52.94 ± 10.00 | 54.12 ± 10.90a | <0.001 |
| Fat mass (%) | 35.79 ± 5.21 | 34.37 ± 5.41a | <0.001 |
| VO2max. (ml/kg/min) | 21.48 ± 4.06 | 23.59 ± 4.21a | <0.01 |
| Leg press 1 RM (kg) | 194.80 ± 78.22 | 245.33 ± 88.62a | <0.0001 |
| Bench press 1RM (kg) | 33.73 ± 23.27 | 40.60 ± 22.73a | 0.02 |
| RMR (kcal/day) | 1328.21 ± 347.16 | 1442.09 ± 396.96 | 0.08 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 117.30 ± 14.40 | 113.10 ± 14.70 | 0.14 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 74.40 ± 11.20 | 73.20 ± 9.00 | 0.17 |
| Resting heart rate (bpm) | 81.26 ± 11.87 | 75.26 ± 11.13a | 0.03 |
| Carbohydrate consumption (g/day) | 311.80 ± 95.03 | 318.15 ± 93.03 | 0.77 |
| Lipid consumption (g/day) | 55.30 ± 20.63 | 54.14 ± 16.58 | 0.77 |
| Protein consumption (g/day) | 71.2 ± 21.82 | 79.55 ± 21.63 | 0.36 |
| Total calories (kcal/day) | 1661.28 ± 473.13 | 1713.11 ± 483.98 | 0.97 |
| Erythrocytes (mi/mm3) | 4.81 ± 0.48 | 4.90 ± 0.37 | 0.08 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.7 ± 1.19 | 14.06 ± 1.15a | 0.04 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 40.26 ± 2.86 | 41.71 ± 2.31a | 0.01 |
| C peptide (ng/ml) | 2.68 ± 1.07 | 2.38 ± 0.71 | 0.25 |
| Insulin (μU/ml) | 14.25 ± 7.93 | 12.98 ± 6.09 | 0.11 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 141.40 ± 34.34 | 121.20 ± 14.25a | 0.02 |
| HbA1c in mmol/mol/(%) | 63.5/(7.96 ± 2.42) | 55.2/(7.20 ± 1.55)a | 0.04 |
| HOMA-beta (%) | 72.86 ± 44.71 | 88.13 ± 62.18 | 0.23 |
| HOMA-IR (%) | 5.33 ± 3.80 | 4.24 ± 2.24 | 0.08 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 158.13 ± 82.53 | 125.66 ± 46.49a | 0.04 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 179.33 ± 35.17 | 181.20 ± 35.89 | 0.82 |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 41.06 ± 16.11 | 43.33 ± 18.28a | 0.04 |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 105.40 ± 24.02 | 106.73 ± 20.78 | 0.91 |
| VLDL-c (mg/dL) | 31.66 ± 16.47 | 23.93 ± 8.71a | 0.02 |
| TSH (IU/ml) | 1.26 ± 2.990.56 | 1.47 ± 0.65 | 0.18 |
BMI, body mass index; VO2max, maximum oxygen consumption; 1RM, one maximum repetition; BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RMR, resting metabolic rate; T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; VLDL-c, very-low density lipoprotein cholesterol.
aP < 0.05, t-test dependent samples. Values are in mean ± standard deviation.