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. 2022 Jan 20;8:804111. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.804111

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Copyright © 2022 Passos, Becker-Greene, Braulio, Le, Gelape, de Almeida, Rocha, Gomes, Esteves, Passaglia, Dal-Bianco, Levine, Aikawa, Hung, Dutra, Nunes and Aikawa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) mRNA relative expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 1, 8, 10, 13, 14 and tissue inhibitor metallopeptidase 1 (TIMP-1) in “no leaflet tear” group (blue, n = 7) and in “leaflet tear” group (red, n = 7) by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Graph shows the individual values and median of mRNA relative expression for each group. (B) Entire leaflet section (upper left) representative images for immunohistochemistry staining for MMP-1. Boxed higher-magnification images show inflamed areas with cells expressing MMP-1 (arrows). Scale bar = 200 mm.