Table 1.

Impacts reported by farmers due to Covid-19

Themes	Sub-themes	Representative quotes
Economic hardships	Lower incomes	“We aren’t making enough to survive” Finca Caño Dulce, Guayabo, Mora
	Loss of land	“If we continue to have fewer customers will have to live on less or even lose the farm.” [San Rafael de Gordon, Cahuita]
	Inability to pay loans	“Some farmers will be ruined because they can’t pay their loans once they lose contracts with restaurants and hotels.” [Finca Tierra de Suenos, Zarcero]
Change in purchasing & consumption	Purchasing more organic/pesticide-free food	“More people want to buy organic because they are concerned about their health” [Rinconcito Organico, Cartago]
	Not buying luxury items	“The pandemic should be positive for organic producers, if they aren’t producing luxury goods.” [Finca la Isla, Puerto Viejo]
	Buying plants/seeds for home gardens	“Growing own food has become trendier.” [San Rafael, Heredia]
Market access	Fear of getting Covid-19	“People are afraid to go to the market’ [Orgánicos del Rio, San Ramon]
	Vehicle driving restrictions as part of Covid-19 measures	“Vehicle restrictions have made it so some people (customers) cannot drive to the market” [Caño Dulce, San José]
Changes in sales methods	Increase in demand for directly delivery and online sales	“We faced an overwhelming growth in deliveries which meant we had to reorganize.” [Enraizadas, Grecia]
Decrease in agrotourism		“Without tourists entering the country we have had to pause this effort.” [Finca Orgánica Vara Blanca]
Shortage of farm workers		“Getting enough workers to pick the coffee crops has been a big challenge in the region [Life Monteverde, Santa Elena]