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. 2022 Jan 20;9:798609. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.798609

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Copyright © 2022 Kontopodi, Boeren, Stahl, van Goudoever, van Elburg and Hettinga.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of HTST, FH, T99, HoP_r, T74 and HoP on BSSL levels. BSSL retention (%) was calculated based on the iBAQ intensities and a lipase activity assay. Untreated values were set at 100% (dotted line). The analyses were performed in duplicate for each sample and all values are presented as mean ± standard deviation of two independent experiments. *Expresses statistically significant differences to untreated samples (p < 0.05). UN, HTST, FH, T99, T74, HoP and HoP_r stand for untreated DHM, and DHM treated with high-temperature short-time, flash heating, high-temperature short-time with a thermomixer preheated at 99°C, high-temperature short-time with a thermomixer preheated at 74°C, holder pasteurization and holder pasteurization with rapid heating up-times, respectively.