Table 1.
Brief demographics, clinical and surgical characteristics of the female and male patients
| Variable | Before matching | After matching | STD | |||
| Female (n=20 078) |
Male (n=46 248) |
STD | Female (n=18 720) |
Male (n=18 720) |
||
| Age (years) | 64.4±12.8 | 63.2±12.3 | 0.09 | 64.4±12.8 | 64.1±12.8 | 0.02 |
| Previous cardiac surgery | 290 (1.4) | 515 (1.1) | 0.03 | 251 (1.3) | 271 (1.4) | −0.01 |
| Urgent surgery | 2046 (10.2) | 5701 (12.3) | −0.07 | 1994 (10.7) | 1995 (10.7) | <0.01 |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 8761 (43.6) | 17 887 (38.7) | 0.10 | 8389 (44.8) | 8351 (44.6) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension | 12 102 (60.3) | 28 883 (62.5) | −0.04 | 11 619 (62.1) | 11 501 (61.4) | 0.01 |
| Heart failure | 6071 (30.2) | 10 226 (22.1) | 0.19 | 5390 (28.8) | 5455 (29.1) | −0.01 |
| Coronary arterial disease | 13 632 (67.9) | 38 438 (83.1) | −0.36 | 13 200 (70.5) | 13 128 (70.1) | 0.01 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 2732 (13.6) | 9447 (20.4) | −0.18 | 2699 (14.4) | 2656 (14.2) | 0.01 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 981 (4.9) | 2204 (4.8) | 0.01 | 919 (4.9) | 932 (5.0) | <0.01 |
| Prior stroke | 2894 (14.4) | 6227 (13.5) | 0.03 | 2693 (14.4) | 2714 (14.5) | <0.01 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1096 (5.5) | 4614 (10.0) | −0.17 | 1068 (5.7) | 1102 (5.9) | −0.01 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 297 (1.5) | 910 (2.0) | −0.04 | 274 (1.5) | 307 (1.6) | −0.01 |
| Malignancy | 796 (4.0) | 1571 (3.4) | 0.03 | 722 (3.9) | 683 (3.6) | 0.01 |
| Charlson’s Comorbidity Index score | 2.6±2.3 | 2.3±2.2 | 0.09 | 2.6±2.3 | 2.6±2.3 | <0.01 |
| Surgical type | ||||||
| Isolated CABG | 9849 (49.1) | 32 303 (69.8) | −0.43 | 9818 (52.4) | 9818 (52.4) | 0 |
| Isolated valve | 8573 (42.7) | 10 487 (22.7) | 0.44 | 7374 (39.4) | 7374 (39.4) | 0 |
| CABG +valve | 1656 (8.2) | 3458 (7.5) | 0.03 | 1528 (8.2) | 1528 (8.2) | 0 |
| CABG details (n=47 266) | ||||||
| Number of bypassed vessels | ||||||
| 1 | 999 (8.7) | 1894 (5.3) | 0.13 | 952 (8.4) | 683 (6.0) | 0.09 |
| 2 | 2264 (19.7) | 6077 (17.0) | 0.07 | 2224 (19.6) | 1987 (17.5) | 0.05 |
| 3 | 6692 (58.2) | 22 392 (62.6) | −0.09 | 6635 (58.5) | 6945 (61.2) | −0.06 |
| 4 or more | 1550 (13.5) | 5398 (15.1) | −0.05 | 1535 (13.5) | 1731 (15.3) | −0.05 |
| Number of bypassed vessels | 2.8±0.8 | 2.9±0.7 | −0.15 | 2.8±0.8 | 2.9±0.7 | −0.11 |
| Type of CABG: on pump | 9468 (82.3) | 29 181 (81.6) | 0.02 | 9333 (82.3) | 9333 (82.3) | <0.01 |
| Valve surgery details (n=24 174) | ||||||
| Number of involved valves | ||||||
| 1 | 5907 (57.7) | 9132 (65.5) | −0.16 | 5484 (61.6) | 5484 (61.6) | <0.01 |
| 2 | 3645 (35.6) | 4066 (29.2) | 0.14 | 2905 (32.6) | 2905 (32.6) | <0.01 |
| 3 | 677 (6.6) | 747 (5.4) | 0.05 | 513 (5.8) | 513 (5.8) | <0.01 |
| Number of intervened valves | 1.5±0.6 | 1.4±0.6 | 0.15 | 1.4±0.6 | 1.4±0.6 | <0.01 |
| Type of valve surgery | ||||||
| Aortic valve repair or replacement | 4085 (39.9) | 7011 (50.3) | −0.21 | 3897 (43.8) | 3897 (43.8) | <0.01 |
| Mitral valve repair | 3173 (31.0) | 3881 (27.8) | 0.07 | 2612 (29.3) | 2612 (29.3) | <0.01 |
| Mitral valve replacement | 5634 (55.1) | 5857 (42.0) | 0.26 | 4504 (50.6) | 4504 (50.6) | <0.01 |
| Tricuspid repair | 1295 (12.7) | 1256 (9.0) | 0.12 | 953 (10.7) | 953 (10.7) | <0.01 |
| Tricuspid replacement | 330 (3.2) | 395 (2.8) | 0.02 | 232 (2.6) | 232 (2.6) | <0.01 |
| Follow-up year | 4.8±4.0 | 5.1±3.9 | −0.06 | 4.9±4.0 | 4.8±3.9 | 0.01 |
Values are given as number (%) or mean±SD.
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; STD, standardised difference.