Table 2.
Adjusted relative odds of German children and adolescents meeting movement guidelines (PA/screen time/sleep)
| PA | Screen time | Sleep | PA + screen time + sleep | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Gender (female = reference group) | 1.31 (1.20–1.43)* | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) | 1.10 (1.01–1.20)* | 1.24 (1.09–1.40)* |
| Agea | 0.90 (0.87–0.94)* | 0.44 (0.41–0.48)* | 0.75 (0.71–0.80)* | 0.52 (0.48–0.57)* |
| School type (other = reference group) | 1.41 (1.29–1.55)* | 1.43 (1.18–1.72)* | 0.93 (0.83–1.06) | 1.62 (1.41–1.86)* |
| Self-report SESa | 1.10 (1.06–1.13)* | 1.06 (1.01–1.12)* | 1.06 (1.02–1.10)* | 1.15 (1.08–1.22)* |
| Personal characteristics | ||||
| BMI percentilea | 0.94 (0.91–0.97)* | 0.84 (0.80–0.88)* | 0.92 (0.89–0.96)* | 0.84 (0.80–0.89)* |
| School performancea | 1.13 (1.08–1.18)* | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | 1.16 (1.09–1.24)* |
| Risk-takinga | 1.27 (1.22–1.33)* | 0.91 (0.87–0.95)* | 0.82 (0.78–0.85)* | 0.94 (0.88–1.01) |
| Depression scale (normal/borderline = reference group) | 0.94 (0.90–0.99)* | 0.77 (0.72–0.81)* | 0.81 (0.77–0.86)* | 0.79 (0.73–0.86)* |
| ADHD scale (normal/borderline = reference group) | 0.91 (0.87–0.96)* | 0.82 (0.77–0.87)* | 0.90 (0.87–0.94)* | 0.83 (0.78–0.89)* |
| Past 30-day substance use (no use = reference group) | ||||
| Cigarettes | 0.67 (0.55–0.82)* | 1.51 (1.10–2.06)* | 0.94 (0.78–1.14) | 0.35 (0.14–0.87)* |
| E-cigarettes | 1.29 (1.01–1.66) | 0.87 (0.58–1.32) | 0.97 (0.70–1.34) | 1.15 (0.56–2.37) |
| Hookah | 1.07 (0.88–1.30) | 1.10 (0.82–1.49) | 0.90 (0.69–1.16) | 1.14 (0.55–2.36) |
| Alcohol | 1.10 (0.97–1.23) | 0.71 (0.58–0.87)* | 0.70 (0.62–0.79)* | 0.56 (0.40–0.80)* |
| Energy drinks | 0.91 (0.80–1.03) | 0.47 (0.41–0.55)* | 0.65 (0.58–0.73)* | 0.46 (0.34–0.62)* |
AOR adjusted odds ratio; CI confidence interval; PA physical activity; SES socioeconomic status; BMI body mass index; ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Significant results p < 0.05 displayed in bold
*Statistically significant after Benjamini–Hochberg corrections for multiple testing to control false-discovery rate at 0.05 (based on 2-tailed corrected p value)
aRescaled (mean = 0, SD = 1) such that the ORs indicate the change in odds in the outcome associated with an increase in 1 SD unit on the continuous covariate scale